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HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE
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HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE. OBJECTIVES. What computer hardware does our organization need? What networking arrangement is best for our organization? What software do we need to run our business, and how do we select it? How should we acquire and manage the firm’s hardware and software assets?.
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HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE
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HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE
OBJECTIVES • What computer hardware does our organization need? • What networking arrangement is best for our organization? • What software do we need to run our business, and how do we select it? • How should we acquire and manage the firm’s hardware and software assets?
COMPUTER HARDWARE • Bit • Binary digit - Smallest unit of data - either 0 or 1 • Byte • String of 8 bits - Stores one number or character • Units • K - 1,000 (really 1,024) • M - 1,000,000 • G - 1,000,000,000 • T - 1,000,000,000,000 • What do we use this for? • 56K bps modem • 50KB/sec download speed • 256MB RAM • 30GB hard drive
COMPUTER HARDWARE RAM • volatile, very fast, internal memory • chip(s) on motherboard • holds programs and data currently executing • e.g. 256MB, 16 GB ROM • Chip on motherboard used to control basic operations (eg boot)
COMPUTER HARDWARE Processor • Speed measured in MHz (millions of cycles per second) • e.g. Intel Pentium – 900Mhz • 1.6 Ghz? Parallel Processing • Problem broken down into smaller parts • Multiple instructions processed simultaneously with multiple processors • Used for large computing tasks
COMPUTER HARDWARE Secondary Storage Technology: Long term, nonvolatile storage outside the CPU • Magnetic Disk • Floppy disk or diskette (1.4 MB) • hard disk (eg 40 GB) • RAID • Redundant Array of Independent Disks • Multiple copies of data online – why? • Magnetic Tape • Inexpensive, sequential access only • great for backup
COMPUTER HARDWARE Secondary Storage Technology(continued) • USB ‘key’ • 128 MB • Optical Disks • Use laser technology • CD-ROM (read only) – 600MB • CD-R (recordable) • CD-RW (rewriteable) • Digital Video (Versatile) Disks (DVD) – 4GB • Storage Area Networking (SAN) • Multiple storage devices on a high-speed network
COMPUTER HARDWARE Input and Output Devices • Output • Display screens • Printers • Audio output Input • Keyboard / mouse • OCR (optical character recognition) • MICR (magnetic ink character recognition) • Digital scanners • Audio input • Biometric Sensors • RFID (radio frequency identification)
COMPUTER HARDWARE Ports: Connections to the Processor • Modem • for Dial-up network connections • eg - 56K bps • Ethernet (NIC) • for high-speed (broadband) network connections • eg – 10MB per sec • Parallel Port • older printers • Universal Serial Bus (USB) Port(s) • High speed port for digital camera, video, printer etc
COMPUTER HARDWARE Batch Processing • Transactions accumulated and stored until processing Online Processing • Transactions processed as they occur
COMPUTER HARDWARE Batch and Online Input and Processing
OBJECTIVES • What computer hardware does our organization need? • What networking arrangement is best for our organization? • What software do we need to run our business, and how do we select it? • How should we acquire and manage the firm’s hardware and software assets?