1 / 61

Plant Growth and Propagation Processes

Explore the intricate processes of plant growth and propagation in horticultural plants, including photosynthesis, respiration, absorption, transpiration, and reproduction. Learn about the stages of plant growth, cell organelles, and factors influencing plant development. Discover various methods of plant propagation, such as sexual propagation from seeds and asexual propagation through cuttings, layering, division, budding, grafting, and tissue culture.

avalosf
Download Presentation

Plant Growth and Propagation Processes

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Plant Processes 4.00: Analyze the process of growth in horticultural plants

  2. Processes of plant growth • Photosynthesis • Respiration • Absorption • Transpiration • Translocation • Reproduction

  3. Photosynthesis • The food and manufacturing process in green plants that combines carbon dioxide and water in the presence of light to make sugar and oxygen. • Formula: 6CO2+6H2O+672Kcal C6H12O6+6O2 Carbon Dioxide Light Energy Glucose Sugar Water Oxygen

  4. Respiration • The process through which plant leaves, stems and roots consume oxygen and give off carbon dioxide. • Plants produce much more oxygen through photosynthesis than they use through respiration.

  5. Absorption • The process by which plant roots take in water and air

  6. Transpiration • The process by which plants lose water from leaves and stems through evaporation

  7. Translocation • The process by which food and nutrients are moved within a plant from one plant part to another

  8. Reproduction • The plant process that increases plant numbers • usually by seeds

  9. Osmosis • 1. The process by which minerals enter the plant through cell walls. • 2. The process by which water enters the plant through cell walls

  10. Stages of Plant Growth • Juvenile-when a plant first starts to grow from a seed • Reproductive-when a plant produces flowers, seeds and fruits • Dormant-when a plant rests or grows very little, if any

  11. Cell Organelles • Chloroplast - cells that contain stacks of chlorophyll, where photosynthesis takes place. • Chlorophyll - green pigment responsible for food production in plants. • Only located in plant cells

  12. Phases of the asexual cycle • Vegetative-growth and development of buds, roots, leaves and stems • cell elongation-stage when cells enlarge • differentiation-stage when cells specialize • Reproductive or flowering-plant develops flower buds that will develop into flowers, fruits and seeds

  13. Effects of Light, Moisture, Temperature and Nutrients on Plants

  14. Light • Photoperiodism-response of plants to different amounts of light regarding their flowering and reproduction cycles • Necessary because of photosynthesis • Not enough light causes long, slender, spindly stems • Too much light will cause plants to dry out faster • Phototropism is the tendency for plants to grow toward a light source.

  15. Moisture • Needed in large amounts because plant tissues are 90% water and water carries nutrients • Not enough water causes wilting and stunted growth • Too much water causes small root systems and drowning which is a result of air spaces in soil being filled with water

  16. Temperature • Needs vary depending on type of plants • Either too high or too low will have adverse effects VS

  17. Nutrients • Essential for optimal plant conditions • Has little effect on seed germination

  18. Combining growth factors • Ideal quantities and quality will give optimum plant growth • Each has an effect on the other factors • Unfavorable environmental conditions for plant growth causes diseases to be more severe in their damages to plants

  19. Plant Propagation 4.02: Apply different methods of plant propagation as related to horticultural plant production

  20. Propagation • The multiplication of a kind or species. • Reproduction of a species.

  21. Sexual Propagation • Propagation from seeds. • Pollen is transferred from the anther to the stigma. • Fertilization occurs and seeds are produced.

  22. Germination Rates • Percent of seeds that sprout • 75 out of 100=75% • Rate is affected by seed viability, temperature and moisture. • Rates vary depending on plant and quality of seed.

  23. Seeds • Plant depth depends on the size of seeds • larger seeds are planted deeper • water small seeds from bottom by soaking Embryo Seed Coat Endosperm

  24. Seedlings (small plants) • Transplant when first true leaves appear • Reduce humidity and water and make environment more like outside to “harden off” plants

  25. Seeds to Seedlings

  26. Advantages of Sexual Reproduction • Fast way to get many plants • Easy to do • Economical

  27. Disadvantages of Sexual Reproduction • Some plants, especially hybrids, do not reproduce true to parents • Some plants are difficult to propagate from seeds

  28. Asexual Reproduction • Uses growing plant parts other than seeds • Types of asexual reproduction: • cuttings • layering • division or separation • budding • grafting • tissue culture

  29. Rooting from Cuttings • Rooting media should be about 4 inches deep • Best time of day is early mornings because plants have more moisture • Types of cuttings: • stem • leaf • root

  30. Stem Cuttings • Using a small piece of stem to reproduce plants • using hormones and dipping in fungicides help speed up rooting

  31. Leaf cuttings • Using small pieces of leaves to reproduce new plants • from herbaceous plants • vein must be cut

  32. Stem Cuttings-Step 1 Gather all materials needed

  33. Stem Cuttings-Step 2 Cut 3 to 4 inch shoot from stem tip

  34. Stem Cuttings-Step 3 Remove lower leaves from the shoot

  35. Stem Cuttings-Step 4 Dip cut surface in rooting hormone

  36. Stem Cuttings-Step 5 Thoroughly moisten rooting medium

  37. Stem Cuttings-Step 6 Stick one or more cuttings in rooting media

  38. Stem Cuttings-Step 7 Cover with plastic wrap or place on a mist bench in a warm area away from direct sunlight.

  39. Stem Cuttings-Step 8 Once rooted, cuttings can be separated carefully and transplanted

  40. Root Cuttings • Using small pieces of roots to reproduce plants • should be three inches apart in rooting area

  41. Layering • Scarring a small area of stem to produce new plants • air layering • trench layering

  42. Trench Layering

  43. Division or Separation • Cutting or pulling apart plant structures for reproduction • bulbs • corms • rhizomes • tubers • runners • stolons • suckers

  44. Bulbs Rhizome

  45. Grafting • Joining separate plant parts together so that they form a union and grow together to make one plant. Wedge Graft Approach Graft

  46. Grafting Terms • Scion-the piece of plant at the top of the graft • Rootstock-the piece of the plant at the root or bottom of the graft

  47. Methods of Grafting • If the scion and rootstock are the same size • wedge • splice • whip and tongue • approach

  48. Methods of Grafting • If the scion is smaller than the rootstock • cleft • side • notch • bark inlay

  49. Budding • A form of grafting when a bud is used • patch budding • T-budding • Chip Budding Chip Budding

  50. How to perform T-budding Step 2 Step 4 Step 1 Step 3

More Related