Earth Boot Camp

1. Earth Boot Camp 5.7D: Identify fossils as evidence of past living organisms and the nature of the environments at the time using models.

2. STAAR 2013 #9; RC3; Supporting; 5.2D The diagram below shows rock layers next to a road.1. Layer F contains many plant fossils. Layer F most likely formed in which of these environments?A. DesertB. ForestC. OceanD. Tundra

3. STAAR 2013 #9; RC3; Supporting; 5.2D The diagram below shows rock layers next to a road.1. Layer F contains many plant fossils. Layer F most likely formed in which of these environments?A. DesertB. ForestC. OceanD. Tundra

4. Release Items; 2006—#24 (74%) 2. The rock column above shows the layers in a rock formation. The three diagrams above show the positions of fossils in different rock layers. According to this information, which fossil is the youngest?F G H J

5. Release Items; 2006—#24 (74%) 2. The rock column above shows the layers in a rock formation. The three diagrams above show the positions of fossils in different rock layers. According to this information, which fossil is the youngest?F G H J

6. 3. The Davis Mountains in West Texas used to be taller than they are now. Which of the following conditions most likely caused the mountains to become shorter over time?AHeat and pressureB Soil depositionC Rain and windD River formation 2009—#23 (77%)

7. 3. The Davis Mountains in West Texas used to be taller than they are now. Which of the following conditions most likely caused the mountains to become shorter over time?AHeat and pressureB Soil depositionC Rain and windD River formation 2009—#23 (77%)

8. 4. By examining fossils, scientists think that—A plants have changed over time, but animals have notB animals have changed over time, but plants have notC many changes have occurred to plants and animalsD it is not possible to determine the past from fossils

9. 4. By examining fossils, scientists think that—A plants have changed over time, but animals have notB animals have changed over time, but plants have notC many changes have occurred to plants and animalsD it is not possible to determine the past from fossils

10. 5. Why do scientists study fossils?ATo find out what past climates were likeB To figure out how plants and animals have changedC To learn how the Solar System formedD All of the above answer choices

11. 5. Why do scientists study fossils?ATo find out what past climates were likeB To figure out how plants and animals have changedC To learn how the Solar System formedD All of the above answer choices

12. 6. By examining fossils, scientists think that compared to today, in the past Earth's climate has—Aalways been the sameB cooled only during the Ice AgeC warmed and cooled many timesD warmed only since humans started burning fossil fuels

13. 6. By examining fossils, scientists think that compared to today, in the past Earth's climate has—Aalways been the sameB cooled only during the Ice AgeC warmed and cooled many timesD warmed only since humans started burning fossil fuels

14. 7. Most fossils are found in –Afrozen rockB igneous rockC sedimentary rockD metamorphic rock

15. 7. Most fossils are found in –Afrozen rockB igneous rockC sedimentary rockD metamorphic rock

16. 8. What information CANNOT be learned from studying an animal fossil?A The size of the animalB How much the animal weighedC How long ago the animal livedD The number of offspring the animal had

17. 8. What information CANNOTbe learned from studying an animal fossil?A The size of the animalB How much the animal weighedC How long ago the animal livedD The number of offspring the animal had

18. 9. The diagram above shows layers of sedimentary rock in the Earth’s crust. In which layer of rock should a scientist expect to find the oldest fossils?A Layer MB Layer NC Layer OD Layer P

19. 9. The diagram above shows layers of sedimentary rock in the Earth’s crust. In which layer of rock should a scientist expect to find the oldest fossils?A Layer MB Layer NC Layer OD Layer P

20. 10. The diagram above shows layers of sedimentary rocks and examples of their fossils. Which layer contains the oldest fossils?A Layer 2B Layer 4C Layer 1D Layer 3

21. 10. The diagram above shows layers of sedimentary rocks and examples of their fossils. Which layer contains the oldest fossils?A Layer 2B Layer 4C Layer 1D Layer 3

22. 11. Which fossil below MOST LIKELY comes from the oldest layer?A B  CD

23. 11. Which fossil below MOST LIKELY comes from the oldest layer?A B  CD

24. 12. Which fossil comes from the layer that is older than layer 1 but younger than layer 3?AB  CD

25. 12. Which fossil comes from the layer that is older than layer 1 but younger than layer 3? So layer 2’s fossil…ABCD

26. 13. Which is the BEST evidence scientists have concerning the existence of dinosaurs? A Fossilized bones of dinosaursB Cave paintings of ancient dinosaursC Stories passed down from generation to generationD Photographs of similar animals, like the Loch Ness Monster

27. 13. Which is the BEST evidence scientists have concerning the existence of dinosaurs? A Fossilized bones of dinosaursB Cave paintings of ancient dinosaursC Stories passed down from generation to generationD Photographs of similar animals, like the Loch Ness Monster

28. The diagram to the right represents a cross-section of a cliff. It shows several rock layers containing fossils.14. Which of the following layers of rock is most likely the youngest?A The layer containing trilobitesB The layer containing fishesC The layer containing amphibiansD The layer containing dinosaurs

29. The diagram to the right represents a cross-section of a cliff. It shows several rock layers containing fossils.14. Which of the following layers of rock is most likely the youngest?A The layer containing trilobitesB The layer containing fishesC The layer containing amphibiansD The layer containing dinosaurs

30. 15. A scientist found a fossil that was buried 5 meters below the surface of the ground. The next week she found a fossil that was 10 meters below the surface. What is most likely true about the deeper fossil?AIt is younger.B It is older.C It is larger.D It is smaller.

31. 15. A scientist found a fossil that was buried 5 meters below the surface of the ground. The next week she found a fossil that was 10 meters below the surface. What is most likely true about the deeper fossil?AIt is younger.B It is older.C It is larger.D It is smaller.

32. 16. What is a fossil?A The preserved remains of a dead plant or animal found in a rockB Fuels that formed from the decayed remains of plants and animalsC A solid natural material that has a crystal form and its own set of propertiesD A resource that can replace itself in a relatively short period of time

33. 16. What is a fossil?A The preserved remains of a dead plant or animal found in a rockB Fuels that formed from the decayed remains of plants and animalsC A solid natural material that has a crystal form and its own set of propertiesD A resource that can replace itself in a relatively short period of time

34. 17. Scientists claim that the area around the Grand Canyon was once covered by an ocean. What evidence would support their claim? A Dinosaur footprints were found near the Grand Canyon. B Fish were found living in the rivers of the Grand Canyon. C Fossils of ocean animals were found at the Grand Canyon. D Bones from desert animals were found at the Grand Canyon.

35. 17. Scientists claim that the area around the Grand Canyon was once covered by an ocean. What evidence would support their claim? A Dinosaur footprints were found near the Grand Canyon. B Fish were found living in the rivers of the Grand Canyon. C Fossils of ocean animals were found at the Grand Canyon. D Bones from desert animals were found at the Grand Canyon.

36. 18. The following drawing is a cutaway view of the Earth’s surface. What story might this slice of the Earth tell us?A The Earth is not level.B An earthquake shifted the layers of the Earth.C There are fish fossils all over the Earth.D Layer A was formed before Layer D.

37. 18. The following drawing is a cutaway view of the Earth’s surface. What story might this slice of the Earth tell us?A The Earth is not level.B An earthquake shifted the layers of the Earth.C There are fish fossils all over the Earth.D Layer A was formed before Layer D.

38. 19. As sedimentary rock is laid down over time, the oldest layers are usually on the bottom and the newest are on top. Which of the following would have an effect on the order of the rock layers in a certain area?AErosion caused by rainB Rock folding and tiltingC Wind erosionD Lava flows near a volcano

39. 19. As sedimentary rock is laid down over time, the oldest layers are usually on the bottom and the newest are on top. Which of the following would have an effect on the order of the rock layers in a certain area?AErosion caused by rainB Rock folding and tiltingC Wind erosionD Lava flows near a volcano

40. 20. Plant fossils that we find today began forming millions of years ago. What allowed the process to begin?A Consumers ate all of the plants.B Rainfall eroded huge mountains.C Dinosaurs roamed the Earth.D Plants grew, died, and decayed.

41. 20. Plant fossils that we find today began forming millions of years ago. What allowed the process to begin?A Consumers ate all of the plants.B Rainfall eroded huge mountains.C Dinosaurs roamed the Earth.D Plants grew, died, and decayed.

42. 21. Which layer is the oldest?A Kaibab limestoneB Hermit shaleCRedwall limestoneD Vishnu schist

43. 21. Which layer is the oldest?A Kaibab limestoneB Hermit shaleCRedwall limestoneD Vishnu schist

44. Scientists use fossil evidence to determine details about the environment in which the organism lived. The environment is the surroundings in which the organism lived.22. The picture shows a limestone building block. Which of these BEST shows that the limestone was formed from ocean sediments?A The position of the fossilsB The number of the fossilsC The type of fossilsD The size of the fossils

45. Scientists use fossil evidence to determine details about the environment in which the organism lived. The environment is the surroundings in which the organism lived.22. The picture shows a limestone building block. Which of these BEST shows that the limestone was formed from ocean sediments?A The position of the fossilsB The number of the fossilsC The type of fossilsD The size of the fossils

46. 23. Scientists see three layers of rock exposed on the side of a hill. The bottom layer is sandstone with fossils of a certain species of reptile found only in this geographic location. The middle layer is volcanic ash. The top layer is mud stone (shale) with fossils of a different species of reptile.  The fossil evidence supports which hypothesis about the extinction of the older reptile species?A The older reptile species went extinct because sea levels rose and flooded its habitat. B The older reptile species went extinct because a predator was introduced into the environment.C The older reptile species went extinct because it could not compete with the younger reptile species.D The older reptile species went extinct because a volcanic eruption caused the environment to change.

47. 23. Scientists see three layers of rock exposed on the side of a hill. The bottom layer is sandstone with fossils of a certain species of reptile found only in this geographic location. The middle layer is volcanic ash. The top layer is mud stone (shale) with fossils of a different species of reptile.  The fossil evidence supports which hypothesis about the extinction of the older reptile species?A The older reptile species went extinct because sea levels rose and flooded its habitat. B The older reptile species went extinct because a predator was introduced into the environment.C The older reptile species went extinct because it could not compete with the younger reptile species.D The older reptile species went extinct because a volcanic eruption caused the environment to change.

48. 24. According to the picture above, which layer of sedimentary rocks is the oldest?A Layer 4B Layer 3C Layer 2D Layer 1

49. 24. According to the picture above, which layer of sedimentary rocks is the oldest?A Layer 4B Layer 3C Layer 2D Layer 1

50. 25. How can scientists learn about dinosaurs even though they have been extinct for millions of years?A By studying fossil fuels found deep in the EarthB By studying fossils found all over the EarthC By studying places where erosion took placeD By studying places where deposition took place