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Waste & Waste Management

Waste & Waste Management. Definition. UU 18/2008 Sampah adalah sisa kegiatan sehari-hari manusia dan / atau proses alam yang berbentuk padat. The European Union waste is an object the holder discards, intends to discard or is required to discard.

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Waste & Waste Management

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  1. Waste & Waste Management

  2. Definition • UU 18/2008 Sampah adalah sisa kegiatan sehari-hari manusia dan / atau proses alam yang berbentuk padat. • The European Union • waste is an object the holder discards, intends to discard or is required to discard. Basel Convention:"Substances or objects which are disposed of or are intended to be disposed of or are required to be disposed of by the provisions of international law" (Basel Convention).[1]

  3. United Nations Statistics Division (UNSD):"Wastes are materials that are not prime products (that is products produced for the market) for which the generator has no further use in terms of his/her own purposes of production, transformation or consumption, and of which he/she wants to dispose. • Wastes may be generated during the extraction of raw materials, the processing of raw materials into intermediate and final products, the consumption of final products, and other human activities. Residuals recycled or reused at the place of generation are excluded."[2]

  4. Waste Management.ppt socially Waste • directly linked to human development, • technologically

  5. WASTE & POPULATION

  6. Waste is sometimes a subjective concept

  7. Waste Generation Rate Income Generation Rate Waste Quantity* Levelkg / capita / daytons / day Low 0.5 500 Middle 0.7 700 High 1.6 1,600 * Assumed population 1.0 million.

  8. Composition & Moisture Content Income Level MaterialLowMiddleHigh Food 40-85% 20-65% 20-50% Paper 1-10% 15-40% 15-40% Recyclables 4-25% 5-26% 11-43% Fines 15-50% 15-50% 5-20% Moisture 40-80% 40-60% 20-30% • More biomass organics / moisture – beneficial to LFG and composting projects – not favorable for combustion and thermal technologies • Moisture – higher precipitation more rapid decomposition - - IPCC: > 1,000 mm / yr.

  9. Solid Waste Composition in Bangkok 2006 data

  10. Classification of Waste Generator Property Aspect Organic Chemical Anorganic Households Solid Liquid Physical Gaseous Ignitable Industries Corrosive Hazard potential Reactive Toxic

  11. EFFECTS OF WASTE IF NOT MANAGED WISELY • Affects our health • Affects our socio-economic conditions • Affects our coastal and marine environment • Affects our climate

  12. GHGs are accumulating in Earth’s atmosphere as a result of human activities, causing global mean surface air temperature and subsurface ocean temperature to rise. Rising global temperatures are expected to raise sea levels and change precipitation and other local climate conditions. Changing regional climates could alter forests, crop yields, and water supplies. This could also affect human health, animals, and many types of ecosystems. EFFECTS OF WASTE…

  13. Effects of waste…. Activities that have altered the chemical composition of the atmosphere: Buildup of GHGs primarily carbon dioxide (CO2) methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N20). C02 is released to the atmosphere by the burning of fossil fuels, wood and wood products, and solid waste. CH4 is emitted from the decomposition of organic wastes in landfills, the raising of livestock, and the production and transport of coal, natural gas, and oil. N02 is emitted during agricultural and industrial activities, as well as during combustion of solid waste and fossil fuels. In 1977, the US emitted about one-fifth of total global GHGs. Inventory of US Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Sinks: 1990-2000, US EPA, Office of Atmospheric Programs, April 2002 EPA 236-R-02-003.

  14. WHAT SHOULD BE DONE ?? • We need waste management

  15. The traditional dilute and disperse approach to waste disposal is inadequate, given current population densities and levels of waste production. While concentrating and containing waste is an improvement over the old approach, containment is difficult to achieve. Though huge, the world’s largest landfills will be full relatively quickly. The waste disposal problem is a function of a large and growing waste volume and limited disposal space. EARLY CONCEPTS OF WASTE DISPOSAL

  16. Disposal is not the only problem with waste; disposed wastes represent underutilized resources. Industrial ecology considers waste as resourcesoutofplace; this type of thinking encourages recycling and reuse, and thus reduce disposal and associated waste problems. The zero waste movement seeks to eliminate discharges to the environment. Many waste management techniques present a risk to public health, pose a nuisance, or merely move the waste from one site (or environmental medium) to another. MODERN TRENDS

  17. INTEGRATED WASTE MANAGEMENT • New strategies today focus on integrated waste management (IWM), emphasizing sourcereduction, reuse, recycling, composting, landfilling, and incineration.

  18. Waste management is the collection, transport, processing, recycling or disposal of waste materials, usually ones produced by human activity, in an effort to reduce their effect on human health. Waste management can involve solid, liquid, or gaseous substances with different methods of disposing with for each. Waste Management

  19. The Waste Management Hierarchy

  20. The waste hierarchy sets out the main methods for managing waste • The preferred option is waste minimisation or reduction • The next best option is re-use • Recycling or composting come next • Recovering value by other means follows on • Landfilling comes last

  21. Colection

  22. Waste from Cleaning Public Spaces

  23. RECYCLE PLAZA

  24.  Incineration Plant

  25. 1.Loading 2.Transporting 3.Unloading 4.Reclamation

  26. LANDFILL SIDES

  27. THANK U

  28. Waste Management.ppt Waste • Municipal solid waste • Paper • Yard trimmings • Food scraps • Plastics • Metals • Textiles, leather, rubber • Wood • Glass • more

  29. Waste Management.ppt Waste • Minimizing Municipal solid waste • Minimizing packaging • Recycleable Paper, plastics, metals, glass, wood • Reusable ? Textiles, leather, rubber, metals, wood • Compostable Yard trimmings, food scraps (vegetable)

  30. Waste Management.ppt Waste Management • Historical • Dump • Dump and burn • Air & water pollution • Smells • Health • Salvage

  31. Waste Management.ppt Waste Management • Modern disposal • Sanitary landfills Clay & plastic liners, Soil cover Leachate collection Methane recovery Use for home heating Groundwater monitoring

  32. Waste Management.ppt Waste Management • Modern disposal • Incinerators • Disposal & Electrical generation

  33. Waste Management.ppt Waste Management • Reduce • Packaging • Yard waste • Composting • Reuse • Clean & refill • Old green Coke bottles • Recycle

  34. Waste Management.ppt Composting • Reduce yard waste by composting • Grass clippings • Autumn leaves • Vegetable scraps • Egg shells • Decompose to humus • Spread on flower & vegetable gardens

  35. Waste Management.ppt Recycling • Collection & processing • Recycling centers • Curbside recycling • Materials recovery facilities • Remanufacture • Consumer purchase

  36. Waste Management.ppt Recycling • Incentives to recycle • Doing the right thing • Convenience • Financial

  37. Waste Management.ppt Recycling • Incentives to recycle • Financial incentive • “Bottle bills” • 11 States only • Drink cans, bottles only • Recycling aluminum can saves 95% of energy to make a new can from Al ore.

  38. Waste Management.ppt Hazardous waste • Characteristics • Ignitable or flammable • Corrosive • Reactive • Toxic • Household • Industrial • Both

  39. Waste Management.ppt Electronic hazardous waste • Gases in cathode ray tubes (CRT) • Semiconductor metals • Lead • Mercury • Cadmium • Chromium • more

  40. Waste Management.ppt Hazardous waste • Proper disposal • Hazardous waste landfills • Surface impoundments • Deep-well injection

  41. Waste Management.ppt Hazardous waste • Radioactive waste • Used fuel rods from nuclear power plants • Dismantled nuclear weapons • Radiation sources from nuclear medicine • Radiation treatment for cancer, etc. • Yucca Mountain, NV • Waste Isolation Pilot Plant, NM

  42. Waste Management.ppt Hazardous waste • Costs of hazardous waste disposal • $$ • Record keeping • Illegal dumping

  43. Corrosive: these are wastes that include acids or bases that are capable of corroding mental containers, e.g. tanks Ignitability: this is waste that can create fires under certain condition, e.g. waste oils and solvents Reactive: these are unstable in nature, they cause explosions, toxic fumes when heated. Toxicity: waste which are harmful or fatal when ingested or absorb. Characteristics of wastes

  44. Non Hazardous waste: refuse, garbage, sludge, municipal trash. Hazardous waste: solvents acid, heavy metals, pesticides, and chemical sludges Radioactive: high and low-level radioactive waste Mixed waste: Radioactive organic liquids, radio active heavy metals. ” ( Moeller, 2005). Types of waste

  45. Waste treatment and disposal Waste treatment Waste disposal Landfills Underground injection wells Waste piles land treatment In less developed countries flowing rivers • Incineration • Solidification • Heat treatment: • Chemical treatment • Moeller, D. W. (2005). Environmental Health (3rd ed.). Cambridge, MA:Harvard University Press

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