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Real-time Knee Alignment Verification System for Surgical Procedures

A senior design project focusing on utilizing visual recognition technology and imaging to improve limb alignment during surgery. The goal is to create a more efficient and economically viable method for hospitals.

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Real-time Knee Alignment Verification System for Surgical Procedures

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  1. Knee Alignment Verification System Utilizing Visual Recognition Technology and Imaging Senior Design Project Megan Luh Hao Luo Febrary 17 2010

  2. Analysis • Problem Statement • Current methods of limb alignment are costly and time consuming • Dependent on individual surgeon skill for accurate calibration • Performance Criteria • Constrained by surgical space, time, and resources • Limited by lens quality, camera resolution and frame rate, and noise level

  3. Primary Objective • Proof of Concept that visual recognition software can be applied to the field of limb alignment in real-time for surgical procedures • Improve the method of limb alignment used during surgical procedures • Create a new method that is more efficient, can be used in real-time, more economically profitable for hospitals.

  4. Hypothesis • Solution: Utilize computer vision software in real time and implement it for limb alignment • Goals: Create a computer vision system using OpenCV and design necessary components for surgery

  5. Factors • Parameters • Quality is determined by the speed, accuracy, and precision of the computer algorithm • Overall operating costs are reduced with a faster system • Patient and surgeon both benefit from a faster, more accurate system • Average operating room costs = $1000.00 per min • Surgical costs • Doctor visits; pre surgery and exams (total 3) $512 • MRI $992.00 • Hospital $4,909 • Anesthesia 718.20 • Doctor Charge: $3591 (surgery) • total amounts =10,722.20 

  6. Interview with Dr. Christie • Founder of the Vanderbilt Arthritis and Joint Replacement Center. • Co-founder of the Southern Joint Replacement Institute • Topics: • Surgical spatial constraints • Initial incision = 6 inches • Initial tibia leveling = approximately 10 mm

  7. Marker • Designing a cross shape marker with some spheres on it to mark the x-ray • It consists of four spheres connected in a cross configuration • The two pairs of spheres vary in size and in color • Use a biocompatible, disposable plastic with an x-ray contrast medium: polyethylene, polycarbonate

  8. Flow Chart (Stage1)

  9. Flow Chart (Stage2)

  10. Progress • Circle Detection • Line Detection • Contour Detection • Camera Calibration

  11. Next Step • Length calculation • Ratio Perception • User Interface

  12. Performance • Accuracy on Circle Detection • Effect of Noise • 90% accurate

  13. Testing Strategy • Need an experimental procedure to quantify the success of our program • Want to calculate how accurately the camera detects the location of the spheres in 3D space and their spatial orientation • Do this with a simplified experimental model • Tibia: modeled with a cylindrical PVC pipe • Test camera at different distances and different angles

  14. Conclusion • The goal of this project is to accomplish a proof of concept that visual recognition software can be applied to the field of orthopedic limb alignment in a real-time surgical procedure. • So far, we have solidified the goal and mapped out the details of software implementation. • Futures works include creating the software, troubleshooting, and testing the result.

  15. References • Duda, R. O. and P. E. Hart, "Use of the Hough Transformation to Detect Lines and Curves in Pictures," Comm. ACM, Vol. 15, pp. 11–15 (January, 1972). • Bradski, Gary, and Adrian Kaehler. "Image Transforms, Contours, Project and 3D vision." In Learning OpenCV: Computer Vision with the OpenCV Library. 1st ed. Sebastopol: O'Reilly Media, Inc., 2008. 109-141, 144-190, 222-251, 370-458. • Chleborad, Aaron. "OpenCV's cvReprojectImageTo3D." Graduate Student Robotics Blog. http://people.cis.ksu.edu/~aaron123/?m=20090629 (accessed December 18, 2009). • Levent Kosumdok. “Plastic with special built-in function.”

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