IBNU KHALDUN ابو زيد عبد الرحمن بن محمد بن خلدون الحضرمي A PHILOSOPHER, SOCIOLOGIST AND SOCIAL SCIENTIST

1. IBNU KHALDUNابو زيد عبد الرحمن بن محمد بن خلدون الحضرميA PHILOSOPHER, SOCIOLOGIST AND SOCIAL SCIENTIST Juffri Supa’at & Nurhazman Abdul Aziz

2. Scope • As An Individual A Muslim Scholar • The Community Structure, Norms and Development • Nature of the Information SourcesOrthodox, Philosophy & Intellectual Sciences • ConclusionWhat can we learnt

3. Ibnu Khaldun As An Individual A Muslim Scholar

4. Biography

5. Quotation attributed to Ibn Khaldun • "He who finds a new path is a pathfinder, even if the trail has to be found again by others; and he who walks far ahead of his contemporaries is a leader, even though centuries pass before he is recognized as such."

6. About Ibnu Khaldun • Abu Zayd 'Abd al-Rahman Ibnu Khaldun • received a good education. • served as assistant and secretary to several government officials. • career was dependent on the good will of his superiors, • changed jobs frequently when political winds shifted. • led an extremely eventful life, traveling to, among other places, Mecca, Damascus. Palestine and Seville, and occasionally finding enough leisure time to teach, study, and write. • Among the notable personalities Ibn Khaldun encountered in his adventures were King Pedro I of Castile and Timur.

7. Education & Early Years • Family social and political activist • received a classical Arabic education, • studying the Qur'an and Arabic linguistics, the basis for an understanding of the Qur'an, Hadith [1] and Fiqh [2] • mathematics, logic and philosophy • lost both his parents to an epidemic of the plague which hit Tunis, when he was 17 years old • In a typical Muslim family, follow family tradition is common, that is where he strove for a political career • And he life adventure begin, in which he spends time in prison, reaches the highest offices and falls again into exile. [1] Hadith relating to the words and deeds of Prophet Muhammad. [2] Fiqh is an expansion of Islamic law, complemented by the rulings of Islamic jurists to direct the lives of Muslim

8. His writing • most significant work is the Muqaddimah. • "introduction" to history, he discussed historical method and provided the necessary criteria for distinguishing historical truth from error. • considered one of the most phenomenal works on the philosophy of history ever written where he related the social impact of a community or event. • In this action, this play a big impact to the Muslim society, where we are going to share about the Muqaddimah and the sociological view.

9. His Adventure • continued education, social and political began • play an important role in the political leadership of Sevilla • Become a judge and held post in may courts of the Maghrib & Andalunisa (Spain) • one reasons why he have travel because he to find that scholar from that institution in order to fulfill his knowledge desire

10. Ibnu Khaldun The Community Structure, Norms and Development

11. Muqaddimah • What is Muqaddima? • Teaching is a Craft • An important role in providing conceptual and paradigmatic frameworks as well as an epistemological foundation of the study of human society.

12. THE MAGNUM OPUS "AL-MUQADDIMAH" • This impressive document is a gist of his wisdom and hard earned experience. • use his political and first had knowledge of the people of Maghrib to formulate many of his ideas. • discussion of Tribal societies and social forces would be the most interesting part of his thesis. • His theories of the science of Umran(sociology) are all pearls of wisdom

13. The Structure of Muqaddimah • Chap 1 : Human civilization in general • Chap 2 : Bedouin civilization, savage nation and tribes and their condition of life, including several basic and explanatory statements • Chap 3 : On dynasties, royal authority, the caliphate, government ranks and all the goes with these things (basic & supplementary propositions)

14. The Structure of Muqaddimah • Chap 4 : Countries & cities and all forms sedentary civilization. The conditions occuring there. Primary and secondary considerations in this connection • Chap 5 : On the various aspects of making a living, such as profit and the crafts. The conditions that occur in this connection. A number of problems are connected with this subject. • Chap 6 : The various kinds of sciences. The methods of instruction. The conditions that obtain in these condition

15. The Norms • Sedentary cultural is the goal of civilisation. • The end of its life span and brings about it corruption • Cities that are the seats of royal authority fall into ruin when ruling dynasty crumbles and falls into ruin • Certain Cities have crafts that others lack

16. The Norms • The existence of group feeling in cities and the superiority of the inhabitants over others • The dialects of the urban population

17. The Community • Nomadic (al-’umran al-badawi) • Sedentary societies (al-’umran al-hadari)

18. Relevance to Contemporary Sociology • Ibnu Khaldun and Auguste Comte • Both emphasized a historical method & did not propose statistical methods • Both distinguished their sciences from what proceeded them • Both believed human nature in the same everywhere • Both recognised the importance of social change

19. Ibnu Khaldun Nature of the Information Sources

20. Orthodox & Philosophy • Orthodox • Believe the ultimate truth about man and society must referred to the • Quran, • the prophetic tradition (hadith)and (fiqih) • Philosophy • Primary of rational inquiry over revelation in both the theoretical & practical sciences

21. The Various Kinds of Intellectual Sciences • Logic • Metaphysical & Spiritual Matters • Physics • Mathematical Sciences • Geometry • Arithmetic • Music • Astronomy

22. IbnuKaldun Conclusion & Discussion What can we learnt