METHODS OF THERAPY

1. METHODS OF THERAPY Chapter 19

2. Section 1What is therapy? Objective: Define psychotherapy, and list the advantages of each method of psychotherapy.

3. What is therapy? • Therapy is a general term for the variety of approaches that mental health professionals use to treat psychological problems and disorders.

4. What is the purpose of therapy? Helping individuals by: • Giving hope • Gaining insight or perspectives on their problems • Providing individual with a caring and trusting relationship

5. The 2 categories of therapy • Psychologically based • Psychotherapy • involves interaction between trained professional and a person • Biologically based • Involves the use of drugs or other medical procedures to treat psychological disorders

6. Methods of Psychotherapy You will need this information for your projectpage 437

7. Commonly used methods of Psychotherapy

9. Methods of Psychotherapy

11. Selecting the right professional • Cost of treatment? • Field of study? • What degrees? • Licensed? • Plan for treatment? • Gender • Age • Race • culture

12. Individual –v- Group therapy • Advantages of individual therapy • More personal attention • Feel uncomfortable talking in front of a group • Will talk openly alone

13. Individual –v- Group therapy • Advantages of group therapy • Realizing you are not alone • Benefit from insight gained by others struggle • Can support each other • Gives hope for recovery • Shows therapy can work • More affordable • Therapist can work with several people at the same time

14. Type of group therapy • Couples • Family therapy • Self-help groups- people share the same problem- drugs, gambling, over eating • Encounter groups-strangers, not necessary common problem, emotional growth,

15. EXIT PASS • In what ways do all methods of psychology help troubled individuals?

16. SECTION 2The Psychoanalytic approach Objectives: Describe the major techniques of psychoanalysis.

17. Psychoanalysis = Freud • Unconscious thoughts and feelings • Reduces anxiety and guilt • Allows insight • Dream analysis • Manifest content- actual dream • Latent content- hidden meaning • Free association • Say what ever comes to mind • (any topic) • Resistance – unwilling to discuss issues

18. Transference • Transferring feelings and expectations from one person to another • Allows clients to express and analyze unconscious feelings • Can expose unresolved problems • Example • Bad relationship with mother---start to treat therapist the same way-----bad relationship with boss

19. Evaluation of Psychoanalysis • Useful therapy for • Anxiety, mild depression and difficulty in handling social relationships • Not useful therapy for • Too seriously disturbed • Major depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia • Limited educational background • Limited verbal skills TOO EXPENSIVE (meeting 4-5 X’s a week)

20. EXIT PASS • What is the difference between the manifest content and the latent content of dreams? • Give an example of a transference relationship. • Why might a therapist encourage the formation of such a relationship?

21. Section 3The Humanistic Approach Objective: Identify the primary goals and methods of humanistic therapy.

22. Humanistic therapy • Goal-to help individual reach their full potential • By developing self-awareness and self acceptance • People are basically good and strive for self actualization/ being all that they can be • Need to tap their inner resources so they can grow and reach their full potential.

23. Carl Rogers • Problem • stop being yourself and act as others expect you to act • Role of therapy • Find their true self and realize their unique potential

24. Person-centered therapyorclient-centered therapy • Client seen as an equal • Encouraged to take the lead • Called Nondirective therapy • Therapist acts as a mirror • Reflecting clients thoughts and feelings

25. Therapy technique • Active listening • Therapist repeats, rephrases, and asks for clarification of statements • Clients is heard and understood • Therapist must remain nonjudgmental , supportive, accepting regardless of what is said • Unconditional positive regard • Client accepts themselves • Self esteem rises • Gain confidence to make their own choices • Able to develop healthy relationships

26. Other applicationsSchools/ colleges • Help students deal with anxiety, depression • help students feel free to explore alternatives and make their own choices (careers)

27. Evaluation of humanistic therapy • Most helpful with well educated motivated people • Work best with people who are • Mildly depressed • Experiencing anxiety • Problems with social relationships Ineffective • major depression • Bipolar disorder • schizophrenia

28. EXIT PASS • What is the primary goal of humanistic therapy?

29. Section 4Cognitive therapy andBehavior therapy Objective Describe how cognitive and behavior therapists try to help people.

30. Cognitive and Behavior therapy • Help clients develop new ways of thinking and behaving • Focus on their thought and actions • Eliminate troubling emotions or behaviors • Help client solve their own problems

31. Cognitive Therapy • Thoughts that can lead to emotional and behavioral problems • Thinking- illogical or based on faulty assumptions (person A—B swim team) • PURPOSE OF COGNITIVE THERAPY • To help people develop more realistic and logical ways of thinking • Change thinking= solving their own emotional and behavioral problems

32. 2 widely used cognitive therapy methods • Rational-Emotive Behavioral Therapy • Based on People being basically logical in thinking and behaviors • Problems- thinking and behavior is based on faulty assumptions • Must do everything perfect • Unrealistic high standards =did something wrong • ==Anxiety and severe depression

33. Rational-Emotional Behavior Therapy • challenges clients errors in their way of thinking • By • role play, modeling • Giving homework- • Read relevant literature, listen to tapes, experiments to test their assumptions ( affects length of therapy)

34. Beck’s Cognitive Therapy • Restructuring illogical thoughts process • Arbitrary inference-drawing conclusions with no evidence (teacher/ me) • Selective abstraction- drawing conclusions with (blemish) • Single detail • Misinterpreting • Ignoring other details • Overgeneralization- drawing conclusion from single experience9 helpless

35. Gently guides clients in testing logic of their own thought processes and develop logical ways of thinking • Means • Have client observe and record their response to events in daily life. • Review responses to help see them as illogical thought processes that are causing their emotional problems.

36. Evaluation of Cognitive Therapy • Short term method (15-25 weeks) • Has helped clients with • Anxiety‘ • Depression • Personality disorders along with Meds • Provide coping skills • Reduces risk of recurrence

37. Behavior Therapy Behavior modification • Develop more adaptive behaviors • Changing behaviors is most important • Over eating • stop smoking • develop skills needed for healthy relationships • confront phobias

38. 2 categories of Behavior therapy • Counter-conditioning-Pairing the stimulus that triggers an unwanted behavior with a new more desirable behavior • Systematic desensitization • Aversive conditioning Benefit Learn more desirable behaviors Boost in self-esteem Less restrictive lives

39. OPERANT CONDITIONING • BEHAVIORS REINFROCED TEND TO BE REPEATED • Token economy- reward + behavior • Successive Approximations- reinforce every step • EFFECTIVE IN MORE SEVERE CASES. • SCHIZOPHRENIA • CHILDHOOD AUTISM • USED INSTITUTIONAL SETTING: MENTAL HOSPITALS,

40. Evaluation of Behavior Therapy • More effective overall • Short term therapy of • Phobias, • post-traumatic stress disorder • compulsions, • depression • social problems • self-control issues

41. video • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HoFNs-3r0Go

43. EXIT PASS • List and describe 2 counter conditioning techniques.

44. Section 5Biological Therapy Objective Describe the three major biological treatments for psychological disorders

45. Biological therapy • Effects the Brain • Relies on methods such as medication, electric shock and surgery • Medical in nature--administered or prescribed by a psychiatrists or other physicians • Paired up with other therapies

46. Drug Therapy • Mostly used biological treatment • Four major types of medication used • Anti-anxiety drugs • Anti-depression drugs • Lithium • Anti-psychotic drugs

47. Anti-anxiety drugs • Minor tranquilizers • out patient treatment to help client with anxiety • panic attacks • Distress • Tension • Depresses the nervous system • Long term use becomes less effective • Major side effects • fatigue • dependence on drugs

48. Antidepressant drugs • Treats major depression • Increase the amount of one or both neurotransmitters norepinephrine and serotonin • Must build up a certain level to work • Major side effects • Escalated heart rate • Excessive weight gain

49. Lithium • Treats Bipolar disorder • Flattens out the mania and depression • Do not understand how it works • Side effects • Shakiness • Memory impairment • Excessive thirst

50. Antipsychotic drugs • Major tranquilizers • Reducing agitation and delusions • Treats Schizophrenia • Blocks level of dopamine • Side effects • Balance • Coordination • Tremors • twitches