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Sucker Control Chemicals Sucker Development and Plant Growth

Sucker Control Chemicals Sucker Development and Plant Growth. Andy Bailey Univ. of KY/Univ. of TN Princeton, KY. Tobacco Sucker Development. Sucker = plant’s survival mechanism to produce seed when under stress such as flower removal

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Sucker Control Chemicals Sucker Development and Plant Growth

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  1. Sucker Control ChemicalsSucker Development and Plant Growth Andy Bailey Univ. of KY/Univ. of TN Princeton, KY

  2. Tobacco Sucker Development • Sucker = plant’s survival mechanism to produce seed when under stress such as flower removal • Early sucker at leaf axils or ground suckers from plant stress • Clipping too close • Chemical injury • Low light, poor growing conditions • Early axilary suckers can remain on plant and not grow until flowering and topping causes hormone changes in plant and sucker growth

  3. SUCKER CONTROL CHEMICALS Contacts • Fatty alcohols • Brands • Royal-TacM • Off Shoot T • Fair 85 • Sucker Plucker • Activity • Contact Control – 1-2 hrs • Kills actively growing tissue • Rate: 4% solution • 3.5% to 5% • 1.75 to 2.5 gal/50 gal water

  4. Local Systemic Dinitroanaline (DNA) • Flumetralin (Prime+, Flupro) or Butralin • Activity • Stops cell division • Application • Drop line or hand sprayer • Coarse spray • Straight boom with coarse nozzle • Spaced every 20” • Full cone 3 nozzles arrangement • One over row, two direct inward • Rate • In combination • (1% solution, 0.5 gal in 50 gal water/A) • Alone as run down • (2% solution, 1 gal in 50 gal water/A)

  5. Systemic • Maleic Hydrazide (MH) • Activity • Systemic Control of whole plant • Control Cell Division • Application • 1.5 to 2 gal/A regular concentrate • Avoid heat of the day • Nozzles • Fine – Hollow Cone (Traditional) • Course – Solid Cone (Preferred)

  6. Sprayer ConfigurationsCoarse nozzles only Straight Boom 20” nozzle spacing All TG5’s Better for leaning tobacco Better for inconsistent row spacing 3-nozzle/row directed boom TG3-TG5-TG3 Better for straight tobacco Consistent row spacing 20” 20” 20” 40” 25-45angle

  7. Coarse Nozzles • Coarse nozzles • TG-5 / CE-5 or equivalent at 4-4.5 mph • TG-3 / CE-3 or equivalent at 2.5-3 mph

  8. Manual Sucker control • Very labor intensive • Manual stalk rundown • 2 to 3 applications • MH discouraged • Average 5 man hrs/acre • Worker Protection Issues • Research/Extension: Develop spray methods • Effective long-term sucker control • Preserve leaf quality • Timing and coverage • Spray volume • Reduced MH rates

  9. Treatments *AT=at topping; OT=over-the-top. Timing is days after topping.

  10. 2006 Dark Tobacco Yield MH-Free Dark Sucker Control TrialUKREC, Princeton, KY LSD(0.05) = 185 279 433 411 (Total) Total Yield/A: 3150 3324 3554 3580 3332 Yield (lbs/A) RoyTM RoyTM Butralin Butralin RoyTM RoyTM RTM+But RoyTM RoyTM RoyTM Butralin RoyTM RoyTM RoyMH RoyTM 5 app.

  11. Sucker Control Recommendations • Top on time, pull all suckers longer than 1 inch • If using MH: • Contact fatty alcohol at topping (2 gal/A) • MH (1.25 to 1.5 gal) + Butralin, Prime+, or Flupro (0.5 gal) at 7 days • Use coarse nozzles (TG5, etc.), at least 50 gal/A • If not using MH: • Option 1: dropline/back pack (most consistent if no MH) • Contact at topping, 2 contacts if uneven • Prime+, Flupro, or Butralin + contact at 7 or 14 d • Option 2: if spraying: • Spray contact at topping, 2 contacts if uneven • Prime+ or Butralin tank mixed with contact at 7 or 14 days • Course nozzles, maximize coverage on all leaf axils, 55 to 70 gal/A

  12. MH Free Burley?

  13. 2006 MH-Free Sucker Control TrialPre-Harvest Sucker Control Evaluation5 wks after topping, just prior to harvestTN 90LC, UKREC, Princeton, KY *Applications made with 3 nozzle/row system (all TG-5s), 55 gal/A. Fatty alcohol may improve stalk rundown of local systemic

  14. MH-FREE SUCKER CONTROL PROGRAM FOR BURLEY TOBACCO RTM=RoyalTac M, B=Butralin, MH=Maleic Hydrazide

  15. Trt 7: Royal Tac M at topping Royal Tac + Butralin 7 days Trt 8: Royal Tac M at topping Royal MH (1.5 gal) at 7 days

  16. Dark Tobacco Sucker Control • Manual stalk rundown applications most effective • Spraying over-the-top without MH: • Much more difficult to get good coverage on dark • Must have straight tobacco and consistent row spacing • Higher spray volumes recommended • 55 to 70 gal/A • Tank mix fatty alcohol with local systemics • Increases density and coverage: • Better rundown, better sticking to leaf axils

  17. Don’t Treat Dark Like it’s Burley Yellowing, stunting, and yield loss from MH at topping.

  18. Use of MH on Dark Tobacco MH application timing and rate Do not apply at topping Contact fatty alcohol at topping Wait at least 7 days after topping before using MH Rate: 5 to 6 qts/A (1.25 to 1.5 gal/A) of regular conc. MH With or without local systemic (Butralin or Prime+ at 2 qts/A) Allows upper stalk positions to fill out more Prevents leaf discoloration Increased yield compared to normal burley use pattern Little or no value in MH down the stalk

  19. Sucker Control Considerations • Value in making applications prior to topping • Fatty alcohol only for over-the-top applications • Fatty alcohol and/or Prime or Butralin for drop lining • Some control if tobacco blows over before topping • Remember that label for Prime+ and Butralin states that these can only be applied once per stalk per season. • Carryover problems (grasses) with Prime+ where pooling occurs at bottom on stalk. • Only takes ¾ oz of solution per stalk.

  20. Websites: Dark Tobacco: http://ces.ca.uky.edu/darktobacco Dark Tobacco Agent’s site: http://ces.ca.uky.edu/darktobacco/Agent.htm Burley Tobacco: http://www.uky.edu/Ag/Tobacco Burley Tobacco Agent’s site: http://www.uky.edu/Ag/Tobacco/Agent.htm

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