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Nanotechnology Revolution: Nanomaterials and Nanotools in the 21st Century

Explore the main approaches in nanotechnology, including nanomaterials, nanolayers, nanotubes, and nanoparticles. Discover the methods used to prepare and synthesize these materials, such as laser ablation and sputtering. Learn about the powerful tools used in nanotechnology, including scanning electron microscopes, scanning tunneling microscopes, and atomic force microscopes. Discover the wide range of applications of nanotechnology in fields like medicine, energy, memory and storage, flexible electronics, and surface coatings.

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Nanotechnology Revolution: Nanomaterials and Nanotools in the 21st Century

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  1. 21 century will be revolutionized by nanotechnology Prof.Mudabbir Ansari

  2. NANOMATERIALS

  3. Surface to volume ratio

  4. Main approaches in Nanotechnology

  5. Nanomaterial Nanolayers Nanotubes or Nanowires Nanoparticle

  6. Methods to Prepare Nanomaterials

  7. Laser Ablation Method:

  8. RF Plasma technique

  9. Physical method for nanoparticle synthesis Sputtering: A highly evacuated chamber is provided with anode and cathode terminals. A substrate is attached to anode. The chamber is filled with low pressure argon gas. When high potential about 1.5 KV is applied between the electrodes, electric discharge occurs. Free electron and ion move with high speed inside the chamber. When high speed positive ion strikes the target, a neutral atom is ejected out. These atoms eventually condense on substrate forming a thin film of nanoparticles.

  10. Scaning electron microscope

  11. TOOLS USED IN NANOTECHNOLOGY SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE (SEM): SEM allows surfaces of objects to be seen in their natural state without staining. The specimen is put into the vacuum chamber. The electron beam then sweeps across the object building an image line by line as in a TV Camera. As electrons strike the object, they knock loose showers of electrons that are captured by a detector to form the image 1.The electron gun, produces stream of monochromatic electrons. 2.The stream is condensed by the first condenser lens. 3.The second condenser lens forms the electrons into a thin, tight, coherent beam. 4. A set of coils then "scan" or "sweep" the beam in a grid fashion (like a television), dwelling on points for a period of time determined by the scan speed. 5.The final lens, the Objective, focuses the scanning beam onto the part of the specimen desired. 6.When the beam strikes the sample interactions occur inside the sample and are detected with various instruments

  12. Scanning Tunneling Microscope Components of STM The main components of STM include scanning tip, Piezoelectric scanner, Distance control and scanning unit, Vibration isolation system and Data processing unit (Computer). 1. Scanning Tip : STM tips are usually made from tungsten metal or a platinum-iridium alloy where at the very end of the tip (called apex) there is one atom of the material. Scanning tip is the most important aspect of the STM as tunneling current is carried by that particular atom.

  13. Working of STM

  14. Atomic Force Microscope The Atomic Force Microscope is an instrument that can analyze and characterize samples at the microscope level. This means we can look at microscope level. This means we can look at surface characteristics with very accurate resolution less than 1μm. The Atomic Force Microscope (AFM ) is being used of technologies affecting the electronics, telecommunications, biological, chemical, and energy industries. Also the AFM is being applied energy industries. Also the AFM is being applied to studies of phenomena such as abrasion, adhesion, cleaning, corrosion, etching, friction, and polishing.

  15. APPLICATIONS:-

  16. APPLICATIONS:-

  17. NANOMEDICINE:- .Nanomedicine is the medical application of nanotechnology. .Nanomedicine ranges from the medical applications of nanomaterials, to nanoelectronic biosensors, and even possible future applications of molecular nanotechnology.

  18. NANOTECHNOLGY IN TREATING CANCER

  19. Energy applications of nanotechnology .An important subfield of nanotechnology related to energy is nanofabrication. .Nanofabrication is the process of designing and creating devices on the nanoscale. Creating devices smaller than 100 nanometres opens many doors for the development of new ways to capture, store, and transfer energy.

  20. Nanotechnology in Memor y and Storage .This is a 2 gigabyte hard drive. It weighs about 70 pounds. It was first used in the 1980s. Its cost at that time ranged from $80,000 to $140,000.

  21. .Current research shows that by using nanotechnology, 1 000 GB of memory can fit on the head of this pin. 1000 GB is 1 Terabyte.

  22. Nanotechnologies for Flexible Electronics .Nanomaterials are playing a vital role in the development of flexible electronics. Only by manipulating the nanoscale structure of materials can we create components with the necessary electronic properties which can also be made flexible.

  23. Industrial applications of nanotechnology Surfaces and coatings- The most prominent application of nanotechnology in the household is self-cleaning or "easy-to-clean" surfaces on ceramics or glasses. Nano ceramic particles have improved the smoothness and heat resistance of common household equipment such as the flat iron.

  24. Textiles:- .The use of engineered nanofibers already makes clothes water- and stain-repellent or wrinkle-free. .Textiles with a nanotechnological finish can be washed less frequently and at lower temperatures. .Nanotechnology has been used to integrate tiny carbon particles membrane and guarantee full- surface protection from electrostatic charges for the wearer.

  25. Military By using nanotechnology, the military would be able to create sensor systems that could detect biological agents. Nanoparticles can be injected into the material on soldiers’ uniforms to not only make the material more durable, but also to protect soldiers from many different dangers such as high temperatures, impacts and chemicals.

  26. Obstacles and Hurdles .Mass Production/Throughput and Cost Constraints .Funding Requires Long-Term Investments .Intellectual Property Issues - Patent Office that is Overwhelmed and Under-Qualified

  27. CONCLUSION:- As a conclusion to this topic I would like to say that Nanotechnology is a brand new technology that has just began, it is a revolutionary science that will change all what we knew before. The future that we were watching just in science fiction movies will in the near future be real. This new technology will first of all, keep us healthy because of Nano robots that will repair every damage that we have in our body. Nanotechnology will give us an abundant energy because it will transform energy more effectively. Nanotechnology covers a lot of domains today and will cover a lot more in the near future, it is infinitely big and will make a lot of inventions come true like teleportation for example which scientists are working on today.

  28. References:- Websites:- www.wikipedia.com/nanotechnoloy www.nano.gov/nanotech-101 www.nanotechgroup.org

  29. Any questions….???

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