Thursday 2/1/18

1. Thursday 2/1/18 • Warm up • Part 2: Rise & Fall of the Republic notes What is Checks and Balances? Materials: -pencil -note taking sheet Objectives: -Today you will look at the factors behind the rise and the fall of the Roman Republic.

2. Part 2: Rise & Fall of the Republic EQ: What were the factors behind the rise and the fall of the Roman Republic?

3. The Roman Military Rome was protected by an advanced army of professional soldiers

4. The Roman Military Rome had the largest army in the Mediterranean at the time; it was also highly organized The Roman soldiers were divided into groups of 5,000 men called legions

5. Each legion was divided into smaller groups of 80 men (called centuries) commanded by elite soldiers called centurions

6. Armor video

7. Advances in military technology (such as catapults) allowed the Roman soldiers to not only defend the Rome's territory, but to expand it

9. THE PUNIC WARS The Romans went to war with a neighboring kingdom, Carthage (northern Africa)

10. THE PUNIC WARS The Carthaginians engaged the Romans in three long wars over the course of about 100 years

12. THE PUNIC WARS Carthage: Led by the general Hannibal. Nearly defeated the Romans in the second war; they invaded the Italian peninsula and almost captured Rome

13. Hannibal’s Route Europe Mediterranean Sea Africa

14. THE PUNIC WARS The Romans held the Carthaginians off, then completely destroyed Carthage in their third war

15. THE PUNIC WARS With Carthage’s defeat, the Romans were then the most dominantpower in the Mediterranean

16. New problems would for the Romans ROMAN TERRITORY

17. PROBLEMS IN THE ROMAN REPUBLIC Rome’s expanding territory brought wealth, but also brought issues: The new lands brought more slaves, which created a job shortage for Roman citizens Generals who controlled the army became more powerful

18. PROBLEMS IN THE ROMAN REPUBLIC Rome’s expanding territory brought wealth, but also brought issues: People flocked to the big cities from farms, which created food supply shortages Struggles for power led to a series of civil wars between Romans

19. JULIUS CAESAR From the turmoil within the Roman Republic, a new political leader emerged: a general named Julius Caesar

20. The death of Caesar led to another civil war led by Caesar’s adopted son Octavian andhis best general, Marc Antony

21. FROM ROMAN REPUBLIC TO ROMAN EMPIRE Julius Caesar’s death changed Rome; the people no longer trusted the Senate to rule the Roman Republic

22. FROM ROMAN REPUBLIC TO ROMAN EMPIRE Octavian soon became undisputed ruler of Rome, renaming himself Augustus Caesar “Augustus” means “exalted one”; Julius Caesars last name became the title for “emperor”

23. FROM ROMAN REPUBLIC TO ROMAN EMPIRE Augustus did away with the Senators power, eventually ending the Republic of Rome and becoming Rome’s first emperor The Senate still met, but the emperor had all of the real power

25. Would you rather live during the Roman Republic or the Empire? Provide at least 3 reasons why

26. THE PAX ROMANA Find the definition for the word Pax Romana in your textbook and raise your hand, first person wins a prize

27. THE PAX ROMANA Augustus’ 41 year reign marked the beginning of a 207-year era of peace, wealth, and expansion called “Pax Romana” from 27 BC to 180 AD The Empire was over 3 million square miles in size and contained about 80 million people Pax Romana

28. CONCLUSIONS Rome began as a Republic but later became an Empire The Roman Republic gained power through conquering other lands The Roman Republic ended when powerful leaders gained control of the government…such as Julius Caesar