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Thorndike, the puzzle box, and the “Law of Effect”

Thorndike, the puzzle box, and the “Law of Effect”. PUZZLE BOX LEARNING CURVE. Fig. 2.5.1. Skinner, the Operant Chamber, and the “Empirical Law of Effect”. OPERANT CHAMBER (i.e., “Skinner Box”). Fig. 2.5.2. Skinner box. Operant Chamber or “Skinner Box”. Fig. 2.5.3.

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Thorndike, the puzzle box, and the “Law of Effect”

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  1. Thorndike, the puzzle box, and the “Law of Effect” PUZZLE BOX LEARNING CURVE Fig. 2.5.1

  2. Skinner, the Operant Chamber, and the “Empirical Law of Effect” OPERANT CHAMBER (i.e., “Skinner Box”) Fig. 2.5.2

  3. Skinner box Operant Chamber or “Skinner Box” Fig. 2.5.3

  4. FOUR BASIC PROCEDURES IN INSTRUMENTAL CONDITIONING procedure stimulus response condition probability positive S presented R increases reinforcement negative S removed R increases reinforcement punishment S presented R decreases omission S removed R decreases (time out) Fig. 2.5.4

  5. Performance on Schedules of Reinforcement FIXED VARIABLE RATIO INTERVAL Fig. 2.5.5

  6. Skinner box Skinner box Operant or Instrumental Discrimination Green light Response? reinforced HIGH RESPONSE RATE Red light Response? Non- reinforced Fig. 2.5.6 LOW RESPONSE RATE

  7. Primary, Secondary and Generalized Reinforcers “CLICK!” Primary Secondary or Conditioned Generalized Fig. 2.5.7

  8. CLASSICAL AND OPERANT CONDITIONING COMPARED • What are the similarities and the differences? Fig. 2.5.8

  9. MOTIVATION • EMOTION • STRESS …..RELATED PROCESSES Fig. 2.7.1

  10. MOTIVATIONAL VIEW OF INSTRUMENTAL CONDITIONING procedure stimulus response type of response condition probability to stimulus positive S presented R increases approach Reinforcement (appetitive) negative S removed R increases avoid Reinforcement (aversive) punishment S presented R decreases avoid (aversive) omission S removed R decreases approach (time out) (appetitive) Fig. 2.7.2

  11. Glucostatic regulation TURN MEAL OFF High glucose levels HEATER 72o F Glucose Receptors (brain & liver) AC Thermostat Low glucose levels TURN MEAL ON Fig. 2.7.3

  12. It is unclear if Rimonabant works on the brain, or somewhere else in the body, to suppress appetite. TELENCEPHALON DIENCEPHALON MESENCEPHALON HYPOTHALAMUS Some appetite suppressants Work on hypothalamus - Amphetamine, phenylpropanolamine: Act on DA in perifornical hypothalamus (PFH) - Fenfluramine: acts on serotonin (5-HT) in paraventricular hypothalamus (PVN) METENCEPHALON MYELENCEPHALON A Fig. 2.7.4

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