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Animal Disease Outbreaks: Emergency Management and Biosecurity Measures

Learn about potential occurrences and emergency management of emerging animal diseases. Discover the impacts and risks associated with agroterrorism and bioterrorism in the US. Explore various foreign and emerging animal diseases, including Foot and Mouth Disease, Mad Cow Disease, Chronic Wasting Disease, Anthrax, and more. Understand the importance of early detection, rapid reporting, and prompt response in mitigating the spread of these devastating diseases.

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Animal Disease Outbreaks: Emergency Management and Biosecurity Measures

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  1. Agroterrorism/Bioterrorism:Potential Occurrences and Emergency Management of Foreign and Emerging Animal Diseases Floron C. Faries, Jr., DVM, MS Professor and Extension Program Leader for Veterinary Medicine Texas Cooperative Extension Texas A&M University System

  2. US Threatened by Potential Occurrences of FEADs • Foreign animal diseases • Not currently present in US • Accidental and intentional risks for entry • Travelers • Meat products • Garbage • Bioterrorists

  3. Emerging animal diseases A new disease or a new form of an old endemic disease Natural, accidental and intentional risks of emergence Zoonotic diseases Diseases shared by animals and people Various FEADs

  4. Types of Occurrences of FEADs • Natural • Accidental • Intentional (Bioterrorist Act)

  5. Devastating Impacts of Animal Disease Outbreaks • Economic impacts • Sociologic impacts • Emotional impacts • Political impacts

  6. Foot and Mouth Disease • Not in U.S. • A reportable disease • Viral disease • Domestic and wild cloven-hoofed livestock • Blisters and sores in mouth and on feet • TAHC ban • Meat garbage feeding to swine

  7. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE)Mad Cow Disease • Not in U.S. • A reportable disease • Prion disease • Cattle • People (vCJD) – zoonotic disease • Brain disease in cattle – rabies symptoms

  8. Not contagious • Reduced risks of entry and spread • USDA bans • Feed bans • Slaughter bans • Import bans

  9. Cervid Spongiform EncephalopathyChronic Wasting Disease (CWD) • In U.S. • A reportable disease • Colorado, Wyoming, Nebraska, S. Dakota, Utah, New Mexico, Wisconsin, Illinois, New York, W. Virginia, Montana, Oklahoma, Kansas

  10. Prion disease? • Deer and elk • Brain disease – rabies symptoms • Chronic emaciation disease • Restricted importation into States • Voluntary CWD Monitoring Program • Hunter-Killed Testing Program

  11. Deer with CWD

  12. Elk with CWD

  13. Anthrax • In U.S. • A reportable disease • Bacterial disease • Domestic and wild livestock • People – zoonotic disease • Endemic Southwest Texas • IH-10 X IH-35 Triangle

  14. West Nile Encephalitis • In US • A reportable disease • Viral bird disease – >100 species • Blue jays, crows, hawks • Encephalitis death

  15. Transmission • Virus in bird blood • Mosquito (>75 species) bite bird • Mosquito bite mammal – virus not in blood (dead end) • Horse – rabies symptoms • People – zoonotic disease

  16. Bovine Tuberculosis • In US • A reportable disease • Bacterial disease • Cattle • Chronic emaciation, respiratory distress • Tumor abscesses of lungs and lymph nodes

  17. Bovine ParatuberculosisJohne’s Disease • In US • Not a reportable disease • Bacterial disease • Cattle • Chronic emaciation • Maldigestive enteritis – diarrhea

  18. Avian InfluenzaAvian Flu Bird Flu • Viral disease • Migratory waterfowl • Domestic poultry • Virus in intestines • Virus shed in feces • A reportable disease

  19. Two classifications – disease symptoms • Low-pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) • Little risk to poultry industry • In US • Endemic disease • Most common class • High-pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) • Serious damage to poultry industry • Not in US • Epidemic disease • Zoonotic disease (rare)

  20. First Line of Defense in Emergency Management of FEADs • Education of first defenders is key • Animal owners • County Extension agents • Private veterinarians

  21. Emergency Management of FEADs • Biosecurity is key • Early detection is key • Unusual signs • Rapid reporting is key • Rapid response is key • Prompt quarantine is key

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