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Bonding & Hydrocarbon Notes Interactions of Matter

Bonding & Hydrocarbon Notes Interactions of Matter. 9/15/09. Review from Atomic Structure:. Define an atom. Describe the 3 sub-atomic properties. Ex. P (Phosphorus) State the # of p, n & e- in P: 15 P 31.

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Bonding & Hydrocarbon Notes Interactions of Matter

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  1. Bonding & Hydrocarbon Notes Interactions of Matter 9/15/09

  2. Review from Atomic Structure: • Define an atom. • Describe the 3 sub-atomic properties. • Ex. P (Phosphorus) • State the # of p, n & e- in P: 15 P 31

  3. Atoms will gain, lose, or share electrons in order to gain stability! • Atoms need a FULL outer energy shell. 8 valence e- • Full Octet Rule. • Exception: H, it only needs 2 valence electrons.

  4. Bonds • Ionic Bonds: The transfer of electrons from one atom to another. • The opposite charged atoms have a strong attraction. • Example NaCl (Sodium Chloride) and LiO (Lithium Oxide). • Na (2, 8, 1) 1 valence electron • Cl (2, 8 , 7) 7 valence electrons

  5. Bonds Bonds Bonds • 2. Covalent Bonds: The sharing of electrons so both energy levels are filled. • Very strong bond. • Found in most living things

  6. Single bonds: single pair of electrons is shared. • Ex: • H2O • CH4

  7. Double bonds: two pairs (4 electrons) are shared • Example: CO2 or O2

  8. Molecule: collection of two or more atoms. • Example: C6H12O6 (Glucose)

  9. Inorganic Molecules • Do not contain Carbon • Examples: Water, minerals, salt, and sand.

  10. Organic Molecules • Carbon-containing molecules • 2 Million different compounds • Ability to form strong and stable covalent bonds. • Carbon chains -- unlimited length • Carbon rings

  11. Hydrocarbons • Compound consisting of only carbon and hydrogen • Simplest organic molecule • Alkane • Alkene • Alkyne

  12. Naming Hydrocarbons • Based on the number of carbons • Prefixes: • 1 - Meth • 2 - Eth • 3 - Prop • 4 - But • 5 - Pent • 6 - Hex • 7 - Hept • 8 - Oct • 9 - Non • 10 - Dec

  13. Suffixes: • -ane Single Bonds • -ene Double Bonds • -yne Triple Bonds

  14. How do we figure out the # of H’s & C’s???? • Formulas: n = Number of Carbons (C) • -ane (all single bonds) CnH2(n) + 2 • -ene (double bond) CnH2(n) • -yne (triple bond) CnH2(n) - 2

  15. Ex: Ethane • Prefix – Eth • Suffix – ane • What do these tell us? • 2 Carbons (surrounded by H) • Single bonds

  16. Using the formula for alkanes: • CnH2(n) + 2 • Eth = 2 Carbons • C2H6 • Draw Ethane:

  17. Try another…… Propane • Using the formula for alkanes: • CnH2(n) + 2 • Prop = 3 Carbons • C3H8 • Draw Propane:

  18. One more…… Propene • Using the formula for alkenes: • CnH2(n) (One Double Bond!) • Prop = 3 Carbons • C3H6 • Draw Propene:

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