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ENVISAT for Our Environment and Climate

ENVISAT for Our Environment and Climate. Hartmut Grassl Max-Planck-Institute for Meteorology Hamburg, Germany. Tools for Understanding and Predicting Climate. In situ stations Sounding by balloons and operational satellites Ground-based remote sensing systems (radar, lidar)

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ENVISAT for Our Environment and Climate

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  1. ENVISAT for Our Environment and Climate Hartmut Grassl Max-Planck-Institute for Meteorology Hamburg, Germany

  2. Tools for Understanding and Predicting Climate • In situ stations • Sounding by balloons and operational satellites • Ground-based remote sensing systems (radar, lidar) • Global coupled models • Experimental or pre-operational satellitesENVISAT • Dedicated field experiments (including airborne remote sensing)

  3. ENVISAT'S Contribution to Climate Monitoring and Research

  4. Simplified MERIS Level 2 Processing Architecture

  5. source: BC

  6. Plants - The Basis of our LifeorMonitoring the Carbon Cyclevia • vegetation index (NDVI)  MERIS • biomass on continents  MERIS • biomass in the ocean  MERIS+AATSR+ASAR+RA • CO2 column content  IASI on MetOp in 2006

  7. The Biosphere viewed by SeaWiFS source: NASA GSFC

  8. ENVISAT MERIS • clouds: • albedo • optical thickness • top height Aerosols Water vapour Phytoplankton Primary Produktion Suspended Matter Gelbstoff Vegetation / Land use source: GKSS Imaging Spectroscopy of Biosphere und Atmosphere using MERIS

  9. Classification of Land vegetation of Northern GermanyMERIS simulation based on MOS data source: DLR-DFD

  10. Phytoplankton Photo courtesy of Norman Nichols

  11. 0.014 centralNorth Sea Red TideNorth Sea 0.012 0.01 0.008 RLw [sr-1] 0.006 0.004 North Sea coastalwater 0.002 0 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 800 Wavelength [nm] Water leaving radiance reflectance spectra of North Sea Water with first 10 MERIS spectral bands source: GKSS

  12. MOS 26.4.97 inverse modelling 12 50 10 100 8 150 6 200 250 4 300 2 350 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 µg/l chlorophyll source: GKSS

  13. MOS 26.4.97 inverse modelling 50 45 50 40 100 35 Baltic Sea 150 30 Sylt KielBight 25 200 20 250 15 10 300 5 Helgoland Elbe-Estuary 350 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 mg/l Suspended matter source: GKSS

  14. MOS 26.4.97 inverse modelling 1.2 50 1 100 0.8 150 0.6 200 250 0.4 300 0.2 350 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 a(440 nm) m-1 Gelbstoff source: GKSS

  15. Red Tide in the German Bight source: GKSS

  16. 2 3 4 [mg/l] Lake Constance simulation of the suspended matter distribution for MERIS spatial resolution using Landsat Thematic Mapper data (21. 8.91) source: DLR-IMF

  17. Coral reef monitoring using SeaWiFS Source: NASA-GSFC

  18. sun MERIS AATSR METEO SAT SAR RA cloud sea surface topography cloud, PAR wind, waves, currents ICE SST phytoplankton, TSM, gelbstoff ENVISAT Operational Oceanography (ENVOC) source: GKSS

  19. Meteosat PAR time series ~ 1-3 h interval MERIS conc. Pig., SPM, gelb 1-3 times per 5 days AATSR / AVHRR SST 1-3 times per 5 days ASAR / Altimeter wind - waves 1-3 times per 5 days PI parameter 2-3 months intervall 1 km, mean per 5 days Mixing / stratification model Primary production model Validation measurements ECOHAM 1 km, mean per 5 days Primary Production Data Assimilation Scheme source: GKSS

  20. Aerosol Particles in the Troposphere • The least understood anthropogenic climate change agent • We get global maps of aerosol load and type over oceans and dark land surfaces from both MERIS and AATSR with clear separation of ocean colour from aerosol influence, even over coastal waters. • Also volcanic aerosol in the stratosphere can be monitored (over the ocean) by MIPAS, MERIS and AATSR.

  21. Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSCs) • key agents in depleting ozone, will be monitored by MIPAS as well as nitrogen compounds (the whole family) needed for an assessment of ozone depletion potential in the stratosphere • Uniqueness: PSCs + NOy from same sensor, day and night

  22. ENVISAT for Operational Meteorology • MERIS: Day-time water vapour column content above continents or above clouds • MERIS: Day-time cloud top pressure (height) with higher accuracy than from conventional satellite sensors • AATSR: Ocean surface temperature with higher precision than from other sensors • All three data sets improve weather forecasting, also thanks to the near real-time evaluation and dissemination guaranteed by ENVISAT

  23. Cloud Top Height derived from MOS data source: WeW

  24. Water vapour distribution derived from MOS data source: WeW

  25. My List of Wishes • successful launch • intense synergistic evaluation projects world-wide, including validation campaigns • continuation of successful sensors in Earth Watch missions (agreement between ESA and EU) • transfer to operational satellites (EUMETSAT), e.g. for altimetry, stratospheric profiling, ocean colour, in order to improve either seasonal climate anomaly predictions or to monitor compliance with UN conventions • European operational environmental satellite system as a key part of a global Earth observation system

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