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Irrigation & its stakes. An essential resource. Walid Fekiri M2PES 2009/02/26. Presentation. Irrigation in the world Techniques of irrigation Gravity systems Sprinkling Micro-Irrigation Consequences of a mismanagement of irrigation The Aral Sea Circular irrigation in Algeria
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Irrigation & its stakes An essential resource Walid Fekiri M2PES 2009/02/26
Presentation • Irrigation in the world • Techniques of irrigation • Gravity systems • Sprinkling • Micro-Irrigation • Consequences of a mismanagement of irrigation • The Aral Sea • Circular irrigation in Algeria • Conclusion & Perspectives
Irrigation in the world • 70 % of the fresh water is used for the agriculture. • 1/3 of world food-producing. • In 30 years, a rise from 200 to 300 million of hectares. • An increase, particularly in Asia & Pacific.
The easiest technique of irrigation The most used in the world Doesn’t need any energy Low Cost Sometimes, recharching the aquifer Very water-consuming Efficiency about 50 % A lot of water loss Problem of diseases Gravity Systems
Sprinkling consists of a reproduction of the rain Careful management of water Create a microclimate around plants Efficiency about 70 % Important investment About 2000 € / ha Wind Sensitive Evaporation sensitive Needs energy Needs specific materials Sprinkling
Create a water bulb around roots The Most technological techniques Efficiency 90 % Great precision Careful management of water resource Very Important Investment About 10 000 € / ha Needs a specific materials Problem of Soil pollution Micro-Irrigation
Consequences of mismanagement:The Aral Sea • Situated between Ouzbékistan & Kazakhstan • Area reduces about 75% from 1960 to 2004… • Supplied by 2 Rivers the Amou-Daria & the Syr-Daria.
Circular irrigation in Algeria • At the gate of the desert. • Irrigation by sprinkling pivot. • Pumping in the deep aquifer. • Irrigation permits a recharge of the superficial aquifer • Hydrostatic level goes up • Water becomes stagnant • So water becomes unsalubrious. • Problem with vegetables death and poor water quality.
Conclusion & Perpectives • Irrigation very closed to: • Economical stakes. • Environmental stakes. • Better management of irrigation: • Careful management of water resource • Reduce water loss (wind, evaporation, percolation… • Globally better management of water resource: • A very sensitive resource.
