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An Age of Western Imperialism

An Age of Western Imperialism. 1870-1914. Imperialism : the domination by one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region. By the late 19 th century, Western powers had taken over large tracts of land primarily in Africa & Asia.

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An Age of Western Imperialism

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  1. An Age of Western Imperialism 1870-1914

  2. Imperialism: the domination by one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of another country or region. • By the late 19th century, Western powers had taken over large tracts of land primarily in Africa & Asia

  3. Pre-19c European Imperialism

  4. “The Scramble for Africa”

  5. EuropeanNationalism, Boost Prestige Source For Raw Materials MissionaryActivity Industrial Revolution European Motives For Imperialism Markets forFinishedGoods Military& NavalBases SocialDarwinism EuropeanRacism Places toDumpUnwanted/Excess Popul. HumanitarianReasons Soc. & Eco.Opportunities “WhiteMan’sBurden”

  6. The growing industrialization of Europe required the Europeans to look to Africa & Asia for the raw materials needed. • Copper • Manganese • Rubber • Guano • Gold • Diamonds • They could also dump European surplus goods on foreign markets.

  7. Now that’s a big pile of sh... tinking crap! -Peruvian Guano Mine

  8. Diamond Mines Raw Diamonds

  9. The “White Man’s Burden” Rudyard Kipling

  10. The “White Man’s Burden”?

  11. Methods of Imperialism • Superior Weaponry & Technology • Steam powered warships • Railroads • Rapid firing breech loading rifle • Maxim gun/machine guns • adds to militaristic tension between competing European nations • Arms races & alliance-building

  12. Maxim gun

  13. Methods of Imperialism • Well organized governments & powerful armies & navies • Improved medical knowledge • Medicines like Quinine (for Malaria) help Europeans survive deadly tropical diseases

  14. Forms of Imperial Control • Colonies: • Send out governors & officials to set up colonial bureaucracy • Try to transform the society into westernized culture

  15. Colonies

  16. Types of Colonies • Settlement Colonies: places where large numbers of Europeans & their families moved to start new lives (i.e. Australia, New Zealand, Algeria) • “white dominions” • “contested settler colonies” • Dependent Colonies: a few European officials ruled over the native populations – usually because of a large number of European soldiers (i.e. Angola)

  17. Spheres of Influence • Areas where the Europeans did not technically own the land or run the government, but because of economic forces and often troops, European powers were able to control the area “behind the scenes.” • Best example = China

  18. European Imperial Claims • British: • Eastern & Southern Africa • The Middle East • India “The sun never sets on the British Empire.”

  19. Cecil Rhodes (1853-1902) “The Colossus of Rhodes”

  20. European Imperial Claims • French: • Western Africa • Indo-China (Vietnam) • Syria

  21. European Imperial Claims • Belgium: • Belgian Congo • A “low point” in Imperialism • King Leopold II – 1885 • Brutal imperial cruelty

  22. Harvesting Rubber

  23. Punishing “Lazy” Workers

  24. 5-8 Million Victims! (50% of Popul.) It is blood-curdling to see them (the soldiers) returning with the hands of the slain, and to find the hands of young children amongst the bigger ones evidencing their bravery...The rubber from this district has cost hundreds of lives, and the scenes I have witnessed, while unable to help the oppressed, have been almost enough to make me wish I were dead... This rubber traffic is steeped in blood, and if the natives were to rise and sweep every white person on the Upper Congo into eternity, there would still be left a fearful balance to their credit. -- Belgian Official

  25. Belgium’s Stranglehold on the Congo

  26. Leopold’s Conscience??

  27. European Imperial Claims • Italy: • Ethiopia • Somalia • Libya

  28. European Imperial Claims • Germany: • Southwest Africa • Cameroon • Togo • German East Africa

  29. European Imperial Claims • Portugal: • Angola • Mozambique • Spain: • Rio de Oro

  30. American Imperial Claims • Philippines • Hawaii • Guam • Puerto Rico

  31. Uncle Sam: “The Colossusof the Pacific” (A Parody)

  32. Africa 1890

  33. Resistance to Imperialism Examples: • Sepoy Mutiny (India; 1857) • Zulu Wars (Battle of Isandhlwana, South Africa; 1879) • Mahdist Revolt (Sudan; 1881-1899) • Maji Maji Uprising (German East Africa; 1905-06) • Boxer Rebellion (China; 1900) • Philippine-American War (1899-1902)

  34. Impacts of Imperialism • Many of today’s problems stem from imperialism – ethnic fighting in Africa & the Middle East • Intense competition for colonies resulted in only two independent African nations at the turn of the century • European rivalries contributed to tensions that led to the outbreak of World War I • Social Darwinism in action – paves the way for future ethnic & racial policies

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