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Chapter 20

Viruses Associated with Respiratory Infections. Chapter 20. 呼吸道感染病毒. p257. Categories of respiratory viruses. Myxovirus • o rthomyxovirus • paramyxoviruses SARS coronavirus (SARS Cov) Other respiratory viruses. (influenza virus). (measles virus,so.on.). Influenza Virus. 流行性感冒病毒.

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Chapter 20

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  1. Viruses Associated with Respiratory Infections Chapter 20 呼吸道感染病毒

  2. p257 Categories of respiratory viruses • Myxovirus•orthomyxovirus •paramyxoviruses • SARS coronavirus(SARS Cov) • Other respiratory viruses (influenza virus) (measles virus,so.on.)

  3. Influenza Virus 流行性感冒病毒 • orthomyxovirus(正粘病毒) • pathogen of influenza

  4. Outline • Biological Properties • Pathogenicity and Immunity • Laboratory Diagnosis • Prophylaxis and Treatment

  5. Ⅰ.Biological Properties 1.Shape and structure Shape d=80-120 nm,spherical  Structure segmented ㈠ssRNA Nucleoprotein(NP) RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (易发生基因重组) Viral core (具型特异性, Ag性稳定) (nucleocapsid) Viral envelope •matrix protein (M1) • lipid bilayer (具型特异性, Ag性稳定) HA and NA •病毒的表面抗原 •具亚型特异性 •Ag性不稳而易变 membrane protein(M2) spikes

  6. Structure of influenza virus segmented ssRNA M1 (negative sense, 8 or 7 segments) M2 Viral envelope 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 8 matrix protein viral core RNA-dependentRNA polymerase PB2 lipid bilayer PB1 PA HA RNA NA NP RNPi.e. nucleocapsid

  7. Viral core ---- helical nucleocapsid structure of virion (RNA+ NP = RNP) Viral envelope (MP+lipid bilayer+spike)

  8. Spikes •glycoprotein •surface antigen of virus •2 types: HA and NA * subtype-specific * labile and variable in antigenicity HA1, HA2 function * Hemagglutinin (HA) * Neuraminidase (NA) 凝集红细胞 吸附宿主细胞具有抗原性 function 参与病毒释放 促进病毒扩散 具有抗原性

  9. 2.Typing and Variation • Typing•type: A,B,C•subtypes:H1~H15 and N1~N9 Labile and much variable in antigenicity of HA and NA Form of variation • antigenic drift → median or small epidemic of influenza•antigenic shift → pandemic of influenza (point mutation→variant) (reassortment→form new subtype)

  10. 3.Cultivation • Embryonated eggs inoculation • Tissue culture

  11. Ⅱ.Pathogenicity & Immunity 1.Pathogenicity route of transmission influenza and complication 2.Immunity anti-HA (SIgA important) specific CMI (CD4+T/CD8+T cell) subtype-specific immunity

  12. Ⅲ.Laboratory Diagnosis 1.Isolation of viruses 2.Detection of antibody (hemagglutination inhibition test) 3.Quick diagnosis (Immunolabelling technique,PCR)

  13. Hemagglutinationinhibition test a.virus+RBC→agglutination of RBC HA receptoe (hemagglutination) b.(virus+serum)+RBC  早,晚期血清 absence of agglutination (hemagglutination inhibition)

  14. Ⅳ.Principle of Prophylaxis and Therapy

  15. Paramyxovirus(副粘病毒) • Inclusion: measles virus, mumps virus, parainfluenza virus and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) • Differ from orthomyxoviruses larger diameter different spikes (HN, H, G and F protein) nonsegmented ss-RNA obvious CPE d=150-300nm (融合细胞与包涵体)

  16. 1.Biological properties Measles Virus 麻疹病毒 • Spikes: HA and HL (haemolysin)  Nonsegmented ss-RNA (negative sense)  Single serotype  Typical CPE in cell culture (spherical,enveloped virus) HA---凝集猴红细胞,与受体结合; HL---溶血和融合作用

  17. 2.Pathogenicity and immunity Pathogenicity •feature of infection •pathogen of measles •complication (viral receptor----CD46 ) (pneumonnia, encephalitis and SSPE) Immunity (lifelong immunity)

  18. Laboratory diagnosis Specific provention •Artificial active immunity (live attenuated vaccine or MMR) •Artificialpassive immunity

  19. Mumps Virus 腮腺炎病毒 (pathogen of mumps) Single serotype Mumps & complications lifelong immunity Artificial active immunity (live attenuated vaccine , MMR)

  20. Parainfluenza Viruses 副流感病毒 • 5 types • Causes of croup (type 1,2) • Also cause pneumonia in children and common cold in adults 哮吼---急性喉气管支气管炎

  21. Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) 呼吸道合胞病毒 • Spike: G and F protein • Pathogenicity •cause bronchiolitis, pneumonia in infants • cause common cold in adults and young children • important pathogen of hospital infection

  22. SARS coronavirus (SARS Cov) SARS 冠状病毒 ---pathogen of severe acute respiratory syndrome(SARS) 1.Shape and structure 2.Pathogenicity and immunity d=60~220nm, +ss-RNA，enveloped virus and spike • source of infection • route of transmission • cause SARS • immunity patient 近距离飞沫传播为主 有家庭和医院明显聚集现象 3.Diognosis and prophylaxis

  23. Other Respiratory Viruses 1.Adenovirus naked virus with ds-DNA and cubic nucleocapsid typical CPE and pathogenicity (p207表:呼吸道感染、眼部感染、腹泻等) 2.Rubella virus single antigen type cause rubella and congenital rubella syndrome (MMR) 3.Rhinovirus ＞114 type The most important pathogen of common cold

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