Daily Idioms:

1. Daily Idioms: A.) On the spur of the moment: -To do something right away without thinking or planning; Ex.) “-He decided to ask the girl out on a date on the spur of the moment; he hadn’t planned anything he was going to say to her.” B.) Willy-nilly: -At Random; with planning or direction Ex.) -We can’t just teach our lesson willy-nilly. We have to plan it out in detail. -The movie plot was poorly written, like it was put together willy-nilly, skipping from scene to scene without any transitions or explanations. C.) Hands down: -Without question; easily and decisively Ex.) -Bombay House is, hands down, the best restaurant in Provo / Bombay House is the best restaurant in Provo, hands down. -You are, hands down, the best community class / You are the best community class, hands down.

2. Intervocalic /t/, Un-aspirated /t/, & Glottal Stop /t/ • Intervocalic /t/: When a /t/ turns to a /d/ sound • after vowel: • butter, latter, fatal, rattle, data, bottle, total, metal, calamity, nationality, fertility, mentality • But not always: retail, cartel, motel, hotel, etc.･ • after /r/: • barter, tarter, martyr, hearty, hurting, party, Marty, certify, courtesy- • But not always: cartoon, martini, vortex, cartography • *Glottal Stop: carton, partly, Martin, cartilage, curtly • after /l/: • Faculty, casualty, • But not immediately post-tonic: • alter, halter, falter, salty, faulty, adultery, etc. • Post-tonic= main stress in a word (each word has a main stress) • At word boundaries • where first word ends in /t/, and the next word starts with a vowel: • Get out, hit it, get it, heart out (eat your heart out), put on, set out, let out, sit in, sit up

3. Glottal Stop /t/: • Glottal Stop /t/: • When the word ends in an /n/ • written, carton, Martin, Cotton, Dolly Parton, beaten, tarten, kitten, • “-ing Verbs”: • When /g/ sound is deleted • -eatin(g), hurtin(g), paintin(g), sittin(g)- • In a syllable final position: • cartilage, Batman, Atlas, Hitler, Atlanta • But not: Atrocious, attraction, attack • At word boundaries: • when the first word ends in /t/ and the next word starts with consonant: • put down, what type, pat down, part ways, hit that

4. Un-aspirated /t/: • The /t/ sound is not fully aspirated (no air released) • When a word ends in /t/: • heart, cart, rat, pat, sat, curt, hurt, shirt

5. I have a Dream: • I have a dream thatone day this nation will rise up and live outthe true meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident: thatall men are createdequal.” • I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia the sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave owners will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood. • I have a dream thatone day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heatof oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice. I have a dream that my four littlechildren will one day live in a nation where they will notbe judged by the color of their skin butby the content of their character. • I have a dream today. • I have a dream thatone day, down in Alabama, with its vicious racists, with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of interposition and nullification; one day rightthere in Alabama, little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with littlewhiteboys and white girls as sisters and brothers. • I have a dream today

6. Diagnostic Passage When a student from another country comes to study in the UnitedStates, he has to find outfor himself the answers to many questions, and he has many problems to think about. Where should he live? Would it be better if he looked for a private room off campus or if he stayed in a dormitory? Should he spend all of his time juststudying? Shouldn't he try to take advantage of the many social and cultural activities which are offered? At first itis not easy for him to be casual in dress, informal in manner, and confident in speech. Littleby little he learns what kind of clothing is usually worn here to be casually dressed for classes. He also learns to choose the language and customs thatare appropriate for informal situations. Finally he begins to feel sure of himself. But let me tell you, my friend, this long-awaited feeling doesn'tdevelop suddenly, does it. All of this takes will power.