Yoga Final Presentation.

1. Yoga Final Presentation.

2. Your Presenters: • Justin Martin • Masoud Nourmohammadi • Thomas Saffell

3. Mantra Yoga: Mantras (or mantrams) are words, phrases, or syllables which are chanted during meditation. The word Mantra translates from Sanskrit: “Mantrana” translated to English means advice or suggestion.

4. Each Mantra is a sound pattern . Although the source is not in the vocal cords alone, but also the sound in the mind, the idea of getting in touch with your mind and y our spirit. • These Mantras are used in religious worship, healing ceremonies, spiritual and emotional purification.

5. Breathing is an essential function to anything yoga, especially when chanting and with thousands of different chants and Mantras and more being introduced into the practice everyday. It really is a growing culture with more and more people joining every day so let us start out with the familiar and most popular.

6. OM • The most popular of well know of mantras. • OM Mantra (or AUM Mantra) is a symbol of deep realities. Alos a way of deepening the concentration of the mind. • The correct pronunciation of aum is to pronounce it om so it rhymes with home.

7. Sanskrit symbol for OM/AUM

8. Types of Mantra yoga: • Amin. • Because OM is the original vibration, all other mantras are used from this one Master Mantra. Usually when we hear OM reproduced on TV or at a spiritual gathering it is pronounced like dome without the 'd'. However, OM can indeed be noticed during meditation but sounds more like the o-sound in ball without the 'b'. It is a deep roaring sound and much closer to the Tibetan mountain trumpets which are used to duplicate the sound and remind people that it might be time to return Home.

9. Japa • Repetition of a name of God may be used as a mantra and is then called japa. A mala is usually used for mechanical counting but, when used in association with japa, it is more for anchoring the mind and make it more rhythmic. Japa and mala are for a similar purpose as the rod given to an elephant in India when lead through narrow streets where merchants show their goods on tables. Minus carrying the stick in his trunk, the elephant will move its trunk to the left and right knocking off the display, but, when given the stick the elephant will carry the stick direct ahead. In order to keep our trunk - the mind - still, we are practicing reflection, japa, or any other spiritual technique. One conventional name for the practice of japa is Rama. However, Christ or any other name of God is fine as long as the alliance is there. If the association is not there, any other mantra may produce the same result. Japa should be repeated constantly, this technique, more than any other, is the exact equivalent to the first commandment of the Bible: "You shall love God with all your heart, mind and soul." What else would it be if we were to concentrate fully on God - with all our heart, mind and soul?

10. Bija • There are also bija-mantras which may be seen as keys with which one might address a certain chakra (energy center in the spine and brain) for example. The main keys to the seven chakras are Lam, Vam, Ram, Yam, Ham, Ksam, Bam (or OM). Each chakra addressed by one of the major mantras also includes other bijas.

11. Mantra Yoga finds coalition with God through the suitable use of speech and sound. It is the power of the word to create or destroy that Mantra Yoga emphasizes. It utilizes the focus intent to make every word you speak be in compatibility with God and with your own soul. • Mantra Yoga also uses mantras as an indispensable part of the practice. In the East, the Mantra Yogi usually uses Aum, So Ham, Om NamahShivaya, or Hram, Hrim as his favorite mantra. The most important mantra is the syllable Aum. It is considered the greatest of all mantras. After that, there is the Gayatri Mantra, which is considered the mantra of the eternal wisdom of the Vedas. • Rhythmic repetition of a mantra called japa, which is why this type of yoga has also been called Japa Yoga. Most spiritual teachers in the East and West integrate some from of Mantra Yoga into their teachings. • The practice of Mantra Yoga requires constant vigilance over each thought you think and every word you speak, for every word you talk in your daily life, in truth, is a mantra and a word of power. There are different kinds of japa:

12. Daily japa, which is usually done in the morning and evening; • Circumstantial japa, which is usually done on festival days; • Japa that is done for some specific desired goals; • Forbidden japa, which is done without discipline and with wrong pronunciation. • Japa that is done for penance. • Moving japa, which is done through the day and which is what Sai Baba has recommended. • Voice japa, which is done out loud for others to hear, if appropriate; • Whispered japa; • Bee japa, in which the mantra is murmured so it sounds like the hum of a bee - the lips and tongue do not move and the eyes are usually closed; • Mental japa, which is done solely in the mind and is an indispensable method to use in your daily life; • The uninterrupted japa, which is for those who have renounced the world. Japa is done continously; when tired; the yogi meditates, and when tried of meditating, he goes back to japa. When tired of both, he things of the Superior Self; • Japa that is done with beads or a rosary. (Many western religions knows this way very well) • There are sixteen steps in Mantra Yoga: • Devotion; • Purity; • Posture; • Observance of the calendar which is based on the astrological understanding and which defines celebrations, fasts, and so on; • The ways of conduct; • Concentration; • The search for the inner divine countries. These inner countries are considered the abodes of deities, masters, and gurus on the inner plane; • Breath control; • Gesture; • Water offering; • Ritual offering (fruit); • Ritual worship, which usually utilizes scents, flowers, incense, a lamp, and food of some kind; • Repetition of mantras, words of power, and names of God; • Contemplation

13. Identification (samadhi), which is achieved when the meaning of the mantra has been realized and the mind dissolves into the deity of the mantra. There becomes no separation between the seeker and that which is sought. With identification, the seeker has achieved his goal. • In the process of unification, the use of a mantra is referred to as mantra yoga, whether in meditation, ritual recitation or chanting (bhakti yoga). Mantra yoga is said in Hindu scripture to be particularly suitable to the present al yuga (iron age) as it is a simple means to attain knowledge of God - brahmavidya. Repetition of mantra (in particular a single word or phrase given to an individual by his or her teacher at initiation) is referred to as japa or mantra japa. This repetition will be practiced during meditation, but also throughout waking life, until it and its embodied truth become a permanent source of strength and inspiration. The syllables, words or sentences have a symbolic meaning, the knowledge or consideration of which may or may not be involved in the practice. The mantram may be accompanied by visualization or there may be concentration exclusively on sound. There may also be variation in the degree of repetition and the extent to which mantra are invested with cosmic or magical significance. These all depend on the school or individual to decide. • The mantram is not an end in itself but an aid on the path to meditation. Concentration on the sound replaces the continuous chatter in the mind, concentration on the symbol replaces the endless flicker of images. This brings a state of inner quiet when the mantram can be discarded as true meditation begins.

14. Manta is a syllable, word, or group of words said to create transformation. • Mantra originated in the vedic tradition of India. • The religion of vedic or vedism is the historical predecessor of Hinduism. • Origin of MantrasMantras are Vedic in origin. The teachings of the Vedas consist of various Mantric chants or hymns cognized by different seers or Rishis from the Cosmic Mind. Since the Vedas are impersonal and eternal, the exact historical date of the origin of Mantra chanting is hard to arrive at. For example, every Mantra in the Vedas, Upanishads and various religious traditions (sampradayas) within Hindu religion begin with Om or Aum - the primordial sound, the sound that is said to have its origins at the time of the creation of the cosmos - also referred to as the 'Big Bang'. • Nature of the Vedic Religion We should all strive to cultivate lofty and noble sentiments, and , eschewing all bad and selfish thoughts, live in a spirit of devotion to God and love for fellow men. Human stature increases in proportion to the nobility of human thought and deed. The spirit of selfless service, the readiness to sacrifice, devotion to God , and love for and goodwill towards all, and hatred for none, are the outcome of highly developed mind, and go by the name of culture • the Vedas consisted of four collections of mantra • Rig Veda (Wisdom of the Verses) • The Rig Veda • Composed as early as 1500 BC, the Rig Veda or Rg Veda ("Wisdom of the Verses") is the oldest of the four Vedic collections and one of the oldest surviving sacred texts in the world. The Rig Veda consists of 10,552 verses (collected into 10 books) of hymns and mantras used by the hotripriests. • The hymns of the Rig Veda focus on pleasing the principal gods Indra (war, wind and rain), Agni (the sacrificial fire), Surga (the sun) and Varuna (the cosmic order) through ritual sacrifices. Along with governing important matters of life such as rain, wind, fire and war, the Vedic gods also forgive wrongdoing (5.85.7) and mete out justice in the afterlife (1.97.1). • Deceased ancestors are able to influence the living (10.15.6), so they are also appeased with rituals (10.15.1-11). The afterlife of the Rig Veda is eternal conscious survival in the abode of Yama, the god of the dead (9.113.7-11). It is the gods, not karma, that are responsible for assuring justice in this life and the next (7.104). • Sama Veda (Wisdom of the Chants) • Yajur Veda (Wisdom of the Sacrificial Formulas)Both the Yajur Veda ("Wisdom of the Sacrifical Formulas") and the Sama Veda ("Wisdom of the Chants") are liturgical works consisting primarily of selections from the Rig Veda. The Yajur Veda was used by udgatripriests and contains brief prose to accompany ritual acts, many of which are addressed to the ritual instruments and offerings. The Sama Veda was chanted in fixed melodies by the adhvaryu priests. Each contain about 2,000 verses. • Atharva Veda (Wisdom of the Atharvan Priests)

15. The Rig Veda • Composed as early as 1500 BC, the Rig Veda or Rg Veda ("Wisdom of the Verses") is the oldest of the four Vedic collections and one of the oldest surviving sacred texts in the world. The Rig Veda consists of 10,552 verses (collected into 10 books) of hymns and mantras used by the hotripriests. • The hymns of the Rig Veda focus on pleasing the principal gods Indra (war, wind and rain), Agni (the sacrificial fire), Surga (the sun) and Varuna (the cosmic order) through ritual sacrifices. Along with governing important matters of life such as rain, wind, fire and war, the Vedic gods also forgive wrongdoing (5.85.7) and mete out justice in the afterlife (1.97.1). • Deceased ancestors are able to influence the living (10.15.6), so they are also appeased with rituals (10.15.1-11). The afterlife of the Rig Veda is eternal conscious survival in the abode of Yama, the god of the dead (9.113.7-11). It is the gods, not karma, that are responsible for assuring justice in this life and the next (7.104). • Sama Veda (Wisdom of the Chants) • Yajur Veda (Wisdom of the Sacrificial Formulas)Both the Yajur Veda ("Wisdom of the Sacrifical Formulas") and the Sama Veda ("Wisdom of the Chants") are liturgical works consisting primarily of selections from the Rig Veda. The Yajur Veda was used by udgatripriests and contains brief prose to accompany ritual acts, many of which are addressed to the ritual instruments and offerings. The Sama Veda was chanted in fixed melodies by the adhvaryu priests. Each contain about 2,000 verses. • Atharva Veda (Wisdom of the Atharvan Priests) • Atharva Veda • The Atharva Veda ("Wisdom of the Atharvan Priests) was added significantly later than the first three Samhitas, perhaps as late as 500 BC. It consists of 20 books of hymns and prose, many of which reflect the religious concerns of everyday life. This sets the Arharva Veda apart from the other Vedas, which focus on adoring the gods and performing the liturgy of sacrifice, and makes it an important source of information on the practical religion and magic of the time. • Books 1 through 8 of the Atharva Veda contain magical prayers for long life, prosperity, curses, kingship, love, and a variety of other specific purposes. Books 8 through 12 include cosmological hymns, marking a transition to the loftier philosophy of the Upanishads. The remainder of the books consist of magical and ritual formulas, including marriage and funeral practices. • Over the centuries, three kinds of additional literature were attached to each of the Samhitas: Brahmanas (discussions of the ritual); Aranyakas ("books studied in the forest"); and Upanishads (philosophical writings). • traditions of Vedic chant are often considered the oldest unbroken oral tradition in existence • The various pathas are designed to allow the complete and perfect memorization of the text and its pronunciation, including the Vedic pitch accent. • Mainly the students are first taught the samhitapatha, that is the text with sandhi applied. Other pathas include vakya, pada, krama, jata, mala, sikha, rekha, dhvaja, danda, ratha, ghana. • Also practiced in practice within Buddhism and Jainism. • The Sanskrit word mantra broke down man-tra. means man-mind, tra-tool. Also known as instrument of thought.

16. Mantra's • AD GURAY NAMEH, JUGAD GURAY NAMEH,SAT GURAY NAMEH, SIRI GURU DEVAY NAMEHis the MangalaCharn Mantra, and is chanted for protection. It surroundsthe magnetic field with protective light, and means "I bow to the primal Guru (guiding consciousness who takes us to God-Realization), I bow to wisdom through the ages, I bow to True Wisdom, I bow to the great, unseen wisdom." • ADI SHAKTI, ADI SHAKTI, ADI SHAKTI, NAMO NAMO,SARAB SHAKTI, SARAB SHAKTI, SARAB SHAKTI, NAMO NAMO,PRITHUM BHAGAWATI, PRITHUM BHAGAWATI, PRITHUM BHAGAWATI,NAMO NAMO,KUNDALINI, MATA SHAKTI, MATA SHAKTI, NAMO, NAMO.The First Shakti Mantra tunes into the frequency of the Divine Mother, and to primal protective, generating energy. Chanting it eliminates fears and fulfils desires. AdiShakti means the "Primal Power," SarabShakti means "All Power", and PrithumBhagawati means "which creates through God." • AKAL, MAHA KAL:means "Undying, Great death" is a powerful life-giving chant removing fear and relaxing the mind. • AP SAHAEE HOA SACHE DA SACHE DHOA, HAR, HAR, HAR:means "The Lord Himself has become our protector, the Truest of True has taken care of us, God, God, God", or "The Lord Himself is my refuge, true is the support of the True Lord". Chanted for prosperity. • ARDAS PAYE, AMAR DAS GURU, AMAR DAS GURU,ARDAS PAYE, RAM DAS GURU, RAM DAS GURU, RAM DAS GURU,SUCHE SAHE:Guarantees by the grace of Guru Amar Das, who is hope for the hopeless, and Guru Ram Das, who is King of the Yogis and Bestower of Blessings, past, present and future, that the prayer will be answered, and that all one's needs are provided for, signed, sealed and delivered! • DHARTI HAI, AKASH HAI, GURU RAM DAS HAI.Dharti means "earth" and Akash is Ether, and Guru Ram Das is the venerated 4th Sikh Guru. This is the 1st Sodhung Mantra. • EK ONG KAR, SAT GUR PRASAD, SAT GUR PRASAD, EK ONG KAR,is the Magic Mantra so named for its power and sacredness. It is usually chanted in reverse (EkOngKar, Sat Gur Prasad, Sat Gur Prasad, EkOngKar). Many pages are devoted to the explanation of this mantra and we are warned to chant it in reverence. It means, "There is one Creator - Truth revealed through Guru's grace". • EK ONG KAR, SAT NAM, KARTA PURKH, NIRBHAO, NIRVAIR,AKAL MOORT, AJUNI, SAI BHANG, GUR PRASAD, JAP,AD SUCH, JUGAD SUCH, HABHE SUCH, NANAK HOSI BHEE SUCHis the Mul Mantra, the root of all mantras. It means, "The creator of all is One. Truth is His Name. He does everything, fearless, without anger, undying, unborn, self-realized, realized thru Guru's Grace, Meditate: He was true in the beginning, true thru all the ages, true even now. Nanak shall ever be true."

17. EK ONG KAR, SAT NAM, SIRI WHA (HE) GURUis the AdiShakti Mantra, and it is very powerful for awakening Kundalini and suspending the mind in bliss. Ek means "One, the essence of all", Ong is the primal vibration from which all creativity flows, Kar is "creation", Sat "truth", Nam "name" Siri "great", Wha "ecstasy," and Guru is "wisdom". Taken together it means, "There is one Creator whose name is Truth. Great is the ecstasy of that Supreme Wisdom"! • GOBINDE, MUKUNDE, UDARE, APARE, HARING, KARING, NIRNAME, AKAMEis the Guru Gaitri Mantra which means "Sustainer, liberator, enlightener, infinite, destroyer, creator, nameless, desireless". It brings stability to the hemispheres of the brain and works on the Heart Center to develop compassion, patience and tolerance, uniting one with the Infinite. • GURU GURU WAHE GURU, GURU RAM DAS GURU:calls upon Guru Ram Das in praise of his spiritual guiding light and protective grace. • HAR means Creative Infinity, a name of God.HARA is another form.HARI is the active form of Creation. • HARI NAM, SAT NAM, HARI NAM, HARI.HARI NAM, SAT NAM, SAT NAM, HARI.The name of God is the True Name. • HUM DUM HAR HAR.This mantra opens the Heart Chakra and means "We the universe, God, God." • ONG means Creator - the Primal Vibration from which all creativity flows. • ONG NAMO, GURU DEV NAMOis the Adi Mantra that precedes Kundalini Yoga practice, tuning one in to the higher self. Ong is "Infinite Creative energy in manifestation and activity". ("Om" or Aum is God absolute and unmanifested), Namo is "reverent greetings' implying humility, Guru means "teacher or wisdom", Dev means "Divine or of God" and Namo reaffirms humility and reverence. In all it means, "I call upon Divine Wisdom". • ONG SO HUNG is "Creator, I am Thou!", a heart-opening and empowering mantra. • PRANA, APANA, SUSHUMNA. HARI.HARI HAR, HARI HAR, HARI HAR, HARI.Prana is the life force, Apana the eliminating force, and Sushumna is the Central channel for that force. This helps draw energy up the spine for healing. Hari and Har are names of God. • PRITVI HAI, AKASH HAI, GURU RAM DAS HAI. Pritvi means earth - calling on the venerated Guru Ram Das is very powerful. • RA MA DA SA, SA SAY SO HUNGis the SiriGaitri Mantra, and is chanted for healing. Ra is the sun, Ma is the Moon, Da is the earth, and Sa is Infinity. Say is the totality of Infinity, and So Hung is "I am Thou". "Ra Ma Da Sa" is the Earth Mantra. and "Sa Say So Hung" is the Ether Mantra. • SA TA NA MAis the PanjShabad expressing the five primal sounds of the universe. "S" is Infinity, "T" is life, "N" means death and "M" is rebirth. (The 5th sound is "A".) This is one of the most frequently used mantras in Kundalini Yoga. • SAT NAMis the Seed Mantra or Bij Mantra and it is the most widely used in the practice of Kundalini Yoga. Sat means the Truth; Nam means to call upon, name or identify with. Sat Nam means Truth is my identity and I call upon the eternal Truth that resides in all of us. Chanting this mantra awakens the Soul, and more simply means "really". It is pronounced to rhyme with "But Mom!" • SAT NARAYAN, WHA HE GURU, HARI NARAYAN, SAT NAM.Narayan is the aspect of Infinity that relates to water, and HariNarayan is Creative sustenance, which makes the one who chants it intuitively clear or healing. Sat Narayan is True Sustainer, Wahe Guru, indescribable Wisdom and Sat Nam, True Identity. This is the ancient Chotay Pad Mantra. • WAHE GURUis the Guru Mantra, the mantra of ecstasy. It is not translatable but chanting it elevates the spirit. • WAHE GURU, WAHE GURU, WAHE GURU, WAHE JEEO:"The ecstasy of consciousness is my beloved."

18. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CpUiLgL0IAw • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zkfjegHUH6g&feature=related

19. References • http://www.yogaworld.org/mantra.htm • http://www.sanatansociety.org/index.htm • http://www.yogamovement.com • http://www.kirlian.org/