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Measurement of Efficiency in Power Combiner Circuit Topologies and Waveguide Environments

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This study evaluates the efficiency of power combiner circuit topologies using 50-ohm transmission lines and waveguide environments. We tested various configurations from 2 to 6 trays, assessing performance through S-parameters, insertion loss, and return loss. The transition from slotline to microstrip is analyzed along with the implications of upsizing the waveguide for accommodating additional trays. Key results indicate that the average efficiency remains stable around 86% despite varying the number of circuit trays, with detailed performance metrics provided for different configurations.

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Measurement of Efficiency in Power Combiner Circuit Topologies and Waveguide Environments

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  1. Measurement of Efficiency for power combiner

  2. Circuit Topology • Use 50 Ohms transmision line to replace the MMICs • Waveguide environment • Slotline-to-microstrip transition • From 2 trays to 6 trays, different schemes are tested. ( The 6 metal cards are always mounted, but circuit tray number varies.) Through property for 6*4 array power combiner

  3. Impedance of bond wire B C Bond wire 1 1 • Total A, B, C, D 4 connection for each path • For each connection, 6*0.001” gold wire • From 1 -> 1, 1.4 Ohm • From 3 -> 3, 0.8 Ohm • From 5 -> 5, 1.4 Ohm • From Gnd -> Gnd, 0.2 Ohm D A 3 3 Gnd Gnd 5 5 Through property for 6*4 array power combiner

  4. S parameters of 2-Trays combiner S parameters: • S11 < - 11 dB • S21 vary from - 1.1 dB to - 1.5 dB Comparison : • Low insertion loss • Low return loss • The best among all Through property for 6*4 array power combiner

  5. S parameters of 6-Trays combiner S parameters: • S11 < - 8 dB • S21 vary from - 1.3 dB to - 2.4dB Comparison : • Low insertion loss, but higher than 2 and 4 trays • Return loss is higher than 2 and 4 trays too Through property for 6*4 array power combiner

  6. Over-sided 8-Trays combiner 8-Tray Power-Combiner WR-94 Wave-guide WR-94 Wave-guide • 8-Tray power-combiner is tested • To hold more circuit trays, an over-sided wave-guide is used • The taper wave-guide has showed low reflection, and could match well with WR-94 wave-guide Oversized taper Wave-guide Oversized taper Wave-guide Through property for 6*4 array power combiner

  7. Waveguide Taper Structure • Linear Taper Transition • Oversized Waveguide Opening (1.12 in. x 0.9 in.) • 4 in. Transition Each Side Oversized Waveguide Environment to Accommodate the 8-Tray System Standard Opening Oversized Opening Through property for 6*4 array power combiner

  8. S parameters of 8-Trays combiner S parameters: • S11 < - 7.6 dB • S21 vary from - 1.1 dB to - 2.5 dB Comparison : • Insertion loss is higher Through property for 6*4 array power combiner

  9. Power Combiner How the loss is calculated? • The loss is evaluated by the ratio of the output power over the power which could be transmitted forward. No incident wave at Port2 (Radiation & conduction loss) Through property for 6*4 array power combiner

  10. N-way Combiner System How the efficiency is calculated? • Li = Lo , and is half of the total loss ( in dB). • The Efficiency is calculated on one side antenna array, and is Li or Lo on percent. Through property for 6*4 array power combiner

  11. Loss of 2-Trays combiner S parameters: • S21 has ripples due to reflection of antenna Loss : • Loss is lower than S21 • Insertion loss is almost constant over all frequency • Average loss is –1.30 dB • Average Efficiency is 86.1% Through property for 6*4 array power combiner

  12. Loss of 6-Trays combiner S parameters: • S21 is lower than 2-trays Loss : • Loss is more than 2-Trays • Average loss is –1.30 dB • Average Efficiency is 86.1% Through property for 6*4 array power combiner

  13. Loss of 8-Trays combiner S parameters: • S21 has ripples due to reflection of antenna Loss : • Average loss is –1.34 dB • Average Efficiency is 85.7% Through property for 6*4 array power combiner

  14. Summary • The power combiner’s efficiency keeps at constant around 86% when the active device increase from 8 to 32 pieces. Through property for 6*4 array power combiner

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