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This text explores the representation of iron sulfide at the particle level, examining the evidence for its composition and potential combinations. It discusses the separation and formation of water through electric current, illustrating pure substances' characteristics and the foundational definitions of elements. Gay-Lussac's law of combining gas volumes is introduced, explaining gas volume ratios in reactions, such as the formation of water from hydrogen and oxygen gases. The significance of Avogadro's hypothesis in relating gas volumes and molecular quantities is also highlighted.
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How would you represent iron sulfide with particles? What evidence do you have? Are other combinations possible?
Separation & Formation of Water Send an electric current through it Provide energy
Relating to Pure Substances • Provides evidence for our definition that elements are only made of one kind of atom; cannot be broken down (separated) any further • Whereas some pure substances (compounds) such as water, can be broken down in simpler substances
Gay-Lussac • The water demo was an example that provided Gay-Lussac with evidence for his “combining volumes” idea: Gay-Lussac’s Law of Combining Gas Volumes: • Volumes of gases in a chemical reaction are present in the ratio of small integers (T & P constant) 2H2(g) + 1 O2(g) 2H2O (g) Ratio? 2:1:2 So if 50 L of hydrogen gas reacted with 25 L of oxygen gas, how much water vapor would be produced?
Avogadro • 1811, published a hypothesis stating that the volume of a gas is directly proportional to the number of molecules of the gas V= volume; k= constant; n= # of gas molecules Therefore, equal volumes of gases with same P & T contain same # of molecules • This hypothesis allows us to deduce the number of molecules that react with one another based on volumes • In the next unit, this hypothesis will enable us to determine the relative masses of elements and compounds
