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COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE USING WASTE MARBLES AS COARSE AGGREGATE

COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE USING WASTE MARBLES AS COARSE AGGREGATE. Guided By Mr.K.Letcham M.E., Assistant Professor (Senior Grade) / Civil. Submitted by Shahul Hameed .M.A 91707103046 Shahul Hameed .S 91707103047 Barakath Ali.P.M 91707103301

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COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE USING WASTE MARBLES AS COARSE AGGREGATE

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  1. COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH OF CONCRETE USING WASTE MARBLES AS COARSEAGGREGATE Guided By Mr.K.Letcham M.E., Assistant Professor (Senior Grade) / Civil Submitted by Shahul Hameed .M.A 91707103046 Shahul Hameed .S 91707103047 Barakath Ali.P.M 91707103301 Niyaz Ahamed.H 91707103309

  2. ABSTRACT This project reports the results of an experimental investigation carried out to study the effects of marbles as coarse aggregate on strength development of concrete . Coarse aggregate is partially replaced with some percentage of marbles by weight. A total of 24 cubes of 100mm dimensions are cast and cured in water for 7 and 28 days of hydration.

  3. OBJECTIVES To find the compressive strength of concrete using the marbles as coarse aggregate with the concrete of grade M20. The effect of waste marble matrerial on the compressive strength of concrete also analyzed for a period of 7 & 28 days.

  4. LITERATURE SURVEY K. Chandramouli , P. Srinivasa Rao, N.Pannirselvam , T.Seshadri Sekhar and P.Sravana ,“Strength Properties Of Glass Fibre Concrete ”, ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences April 2010, Page No.:1-6 Fibres impart energy absorption, toughness and impact resistance properties to fibre reinforced concrete material and these characteristics in turn improve the fracture and fatigue properties of fibre reinforced concrete research in glass fibre reinforced concrete resulted in the development of an alkali resistance fibres high dispersion that improved long term durability. This system was named alkali resistance glass fibre reinforced concrete. In the present experimental investigation the alkali resistance glass fibres has been used to study the effect on compressive, split tensile and flexural strength on M20, M30, M40 and M50 grades of concrete.

  5. Literature Survey cont…….. P. Turgut, E. S. Yahlizade,“Research into Concrete Blocks with Waste Glass” , International Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering 1:4 2009,Page.No:203-209. A parametric experimental study for producing paving blocks using fine and coarse waste glass is presented. Some of the physical and mechanical properties of paving blocks having various levels of fine glass (FG) and coarse glass (CG)replacements with fine aggregate (FA) are investigated. The test results show that the replacement of FG by FA at level of 20% by weight has a significant effect on the compressive strength, flexural strength, splitting tensile strength and abrasion resistance of the paving blocks as compared with the control sample because of puzzolanic nature of FG.

  6. Literature Survey cont…….. A. P. Adewuyi and T. Adegoke “Exploratory Study of Periwinkle Shells as Coarse Aggregates in Concrete Works” ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences , December 2008. Page No:1-5. This paper reports the exploratory study on the suitability of the periwinkle shells as partial or full replacement for granite in concrete works. Physical and mechanical properties of periwinkle shells and crushed granite were determined and compared. Compressive strength tests showed that 35.4% and 42.5% of the periwinkle shells in replacement for granite was quite satisfactory with no compromise in compressive strength requirements for concrete mix ratios 1:2:4 and 1:3:6, respectively.

  7. Literature Survey cont…….. • Kürsat Esat Alyamaç, Ragip Ince, “A Preliminary Concrete Mix Design for SCC with Marble Powders”, Construction and Building Materials 23 (2009). Page No:1201–1210 The waste materials can be successfully and economically utilized to improve some properties of fresh and hardened self-compacting concrete (SCC). The aim of this study is to find some relationship between properties of the fresh SCC and the hardened SCC containing marble powder. The tests such as compressive strength and split-tension strength at 7, 28 and 90 days were performed for hardened concrete. In conclusion, the mix design method based on monogram can be suggested for preliminary design in SCC.

  8. Literature Survey cont…….. • Mustafa Karasahin ,Serdal Terzi “Evaluation of Marble Waste Dust In The Mixture of Asphaltic Concrete”, Construction and Building Materials 21 (2007). Page No:616–620. In the study the use of marble dust collected during the shaping process of marble blocks has been investigated in the asphalt mixtures as filler material. Optimum filler content was then determined considering the filler/bitumen ratio and filler ratio. Test results showed that plastic deformation of marble waste is between the upper and the lower limits of grounded marbles. The study showed that marble wastes, which are in the dust form could be used as filler material in asphalt mixtures where they are available and the cost of transportation is lower than ordinary filler materials.

  9. Literature Survey cont…….. • Hu¨seyin Akbulut, Cahit Gu¨rer “Use of Aggregates Produced From Marble Quarry Waste in Asphalt Pavements” Building and Environment 42 (2007). Page No:1921–1930. The aggregates are usually produced from neighborhood aggregate quarries or from natural aggregate sources. As a result of the increasing demands for new aggregate quarries,the general texture of earth’s surface has been steadily deteriorating, causing environmental concerns. The use of marble wastes from marble quarries as aggregates might help meet the increasing demands and slow down any detrimental effects on the environment. In this study, recycled aggregates produced from homogeneous marble were used. The test results indicate that the physical properties of the aggregates are within specified limits.

  10. Literature Survey cont…….. Bahar Demirel , “The Effect Of The Using Waste Marble Dust As Fine Sand On The Mechanical Properties Of The Concrete”International Journal of the Physical Sciences Vol. 5(9), 18 August, 2010. Page No: 1372-1380. In this experimental study, the effects of using waste marble dust (WMD) as a fine material on the mechanical properties of the concrete have been investigated. by replacing the fine sand (passing 0.25 mm sieve) with WMD at proportions of 0, 25, 50 and 100% by weight. It was observed that the addition of WMD such that would replace the fine material at particular proportions has displayed an enhancing effect on compressive strength.

  11. CONCRETE Concrete is a mixture of cement, well graded fine & coarse aggregate , water & additives. Concrete is formed due to the reaction of cement & water. This reaction is called “hydration”. It has high compressive strength & it is weak in tension

  12. INGREDIENTS • Cement : OPC • Coarse Aggregate :waste marble & coarse aggregate(12 mm size). • Fine Aggregate :Sand • Water

  13. CONCRETE MIX DESIGN INDIAN STANDARD METHOD Mix Proportion : Water: Cement : F.A : C.A 199.5 339.9 : 509.85 : 1019.7 (Kg/m3) 0.1995 0.3399 : 0.5099 : 1.0197 (Kg) 0.5 1 : 1.5 : 3

  14. Table:1 CONSTITUENTS OF CONCRETE

  15. SPECIFIC GRAVITY TEST ON SAND To know the specific gravity of sand we can use “PYCONOMETER TEST” W1 =Weight of dry pyconometer =0.665kg W2 =Weight of sand + pyconometer =1.410kg W3 =Weight of sand + water + pyconometer=1.890kg W4 =Weight of pyconometer + water=1.450kg G = Specific gravity of sand G =(W2 - W1 ) / {(W4 - W1) / (W3 / W2 )} =(1.410-0.665)/{(1.450-0.665)/(1.890-1.410) =2.6

  16. Fig.6 SPECIFIC GRAVITY TEST FOR SAND

  17. PREPARATION OF CUBES • Cube preparation is done by 3stages • Mixing • Casting • Curing

  18. Mixing • Mixing of reinforced concrete needs careful conditions to avoid segregation and the difficulty of mixing the materials uniformly. • Increase in the aspect ratio, volume percentage, size and quantity of coarse aggregate intensify the difficulties and balling tendencies. • Mixing of concrete may be done by any one of the conventional method of hand mixing (or) machine mixing. • Mixing of RC required normal vibration to move the mix and consolidate it into forms. Correct quantity of cement, sand, aggregate and water required for batched were weighted accurately. Cement and sand were mixed with coarse aggregate.

  19. CONCRETE MIX DESIGN MIXDESIGN BASED ON INDIAN STANDARD METHOD • Characteristic compressive strength required in the field at 28 days – 20 Mpa • Maximum size of aggregate – 12 mm • Degree of workability – 0.9 Compacting factor • Degree of quality control – good • Types of exposure – mild

  20. Test Results • Specific gravity of cement – 3.15 • Specific gravity of coarse aggregate – 2.60 • Specific gravity of fine aggregate – 2.60 • Water absorption of Coarse aggregate – 0.50

  21. Target Mean Strength: • ft = fck + ks • = 20 + (1.65 x 4) • ft =26.6 Mpa • ft - target mean strength in Mpa • fck – characteristic compressive strength in Mpa • k – constant depending upon the definition of characteristic strength • s – standard deviation of the particular mix which is available in IS: 456-2000

  22. Water- Cement Ratio : • For W/C ratio of 0.5. • Water content =199.50Kg/m3 • Absolute volume of sand =40% Water Content: • Required water content = 199.50+5.916 = Kg/m3 • water content =205.46 Kg/m3 Cement Content: • Volume of sand =39-3.5 =35.5% • Cement weight =205.46/0.5 =339.9 Kg/m3 • Cement weight =339.9 Kg/m3.

  23. Volume of fine aggregate: • Volume of fine aggregate V=(w + {C/Sc} + {fa / P Sfa}) x (1/1000) • Max. size of aggregate = 12mm • Entrapped air in the wet concrete = 2.8% • 0.972 = (205.46+ (339.6/3.15) + ((1/0.355) × (Fa/2.60))) (1/1000) • Fa = 509.9kg/m³ Volume of coarse aggregate: • Volume of coarse aggregate CA = {(1-p)/p x (Fa x Sca)/Sfa} • Ca = ((1-0.355)/0.355) ×509.9× (2.6/2.6) • Ca = 1019.7kg/m³

  24. Ingredients & mixing

  25. CASTING • The test cube specimens are made after mixing and in such away as to produce full compaction of the concrete with neither segregation nor excessive laitance. The concrete is filled into the cube mould. • In placing each scoop full of concrete, the top edge of the mould as the concrete slides form it, in order to ensure by hand or by vibration. After the top layer has been compacted the surface is brought to the finished level with the top of the cube mould using a trowel. • The standard tamping bar is used and the strokes of the bar distributed in a uniform manner over the cross section of the cube mould. The number of strokes per layer required to produce the specified conditions vary according to the type of concrete. The stroke penetrate into the under lying layer and the bottom layer is needed throughout its depth. Where voids are left by the tamping bar the sides of the mould are tapped to close the voids.

  26. Curing: • The cube specimens are remolded after 24 hours. Necessary identification marks were made and kept under water in a curing tank. • The concrete beams were kept under water for 7 days and 28 days. After curing, they were taken out from the curing tank and air dried before testing.

  27. TEST PROCEDURE OF COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH • Measure the dimensions of the concrete cube. • Place the concrete cube in the universal testing machine in position. • Apply the load to the specimen uniformly. • Apply further load until the specimen fails. • Note down the load at failure. • This load is the ultimate compressive load. • Repeat the procedure for remaining specimens

  28. Test results

  29. Compressive strength of concreteAt 7 days

  30. Compressive strength of concreteAt 28 days

  31. CONTROL CUBE SETUP

  32. TEST CUBE SETUP

  33. FAILURE PATTERN

  34. CONCLUSION • Comparative study of concrete properties using marbles as coarse aggregate with replacement of 20%,40%,60% has been carried out. • Compressive strength of concrete is Slightly increased as well as decreased with the increment of marbles replacement. • For all percentage of marbles replacement concrete strength is greater than the conventional concrete in the mixer proportion of 1:1.5:3.

  35. REFERENCES K. Chandramouli , P. Srinivasa Rao, N.Pannirselvam , T.Seshadri Sekhar and P.Sravana ,“Strength Properties Of Glass Fibre Concrete ”, ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences April 2010, Page No.:1-6. P. Turgut, E. S. Yahlizade,“Research into Concrete Blocks with Waste Glass” , International Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering 1:4 2009,Page.No:203-209. A. P. Adewuyi and T. Adegoke “Exploratory Study of Periwinkle Shells as Coarse Aggregates in Concrete Works” ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences , December 2008. Page No:1-5. Kürsat Esat Alyamaç, Ragip Ince, “A Preliminary Concrete Mix Design for SCC with Marble Powders”, Construction and Building Materials 23 (2009). Page No:1201–1210.

  36. References cont…….. • Mustafa Karasahin ,Serdal Terzi “Evaluation of Marble Waste Dust In The Mixture of Asphaltic Concrete”, Construction and Building Materials 21 (2007). Page No:616–620. • Hu¨seyin Akbulut, Cahit Gu¨rer “Use of Aggregates Produced From Marble Quarry Waste in Asphalt Pavements” Building and Environment 42 (2007). Page No:1921–1930. • Bahar Demirel , “The Effect Of The Using Waste Marble Dust As Fine Sand On The Mechanical Properties Of The Concrete”International Journal of the Physical Sciences Vol. 5(9), 18 August, 2010. Page No: 1372-1380.

  37. THANK YOU

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