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Understanding Muscle Contractions, Disorders, and the Benefits of Exercise

Discover the different types of muscle contractions, including isometric, isotonic, twitch, and tetanic contractions. Learn about atrophy, the shrinking of muscles from lack of use, and how hypertrophy leads to increased muscle size. Explore muscular disorders such as myalgia, myopathies, strains, myositis, infections like poliomyelitis, muscular dystrophy, and multiple sclerosis. Understand the positive effects of exercise on muscle health, including improved tone, endurance, and overall efficiency of heart and lung function.

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Understanding Muscle Contractions, Disorders, and the Benefits of Exercise

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  1. About Contractions, muscle disorders, and the effects of exercise

  2. Types of contractions • Isometric contractions- muscle does not shorten & no movement occurs. Ex.- pushing against a wall • Isotonic contractions - produces movement at a joint such as walking, running or breathing • Twitch contractions- quick jerky contraction • Tetanic contractions – contractions which do not relax

  3. Atrophy • Atrophy is when muscles shrink in mass from lack of use. • Why do you think this occurs?

  4. It’s not a bad thing… • Muscular hypertrophy- increase in muscle size

  5. MUSCULAR DISORDERS • Myo – prefix that means “muscle” • Myalgia – muscle pain • Myopathies – muscle disorders

  6. MUSCULAR DISORDERS • Injury • Strain – tearing or stretching fibers, caused by overexertion or trauma • A strain near a joint can be a SPRAIN • Inflammation – myositis • Crush injuries can release muscle contents and cause kidney failure • Stress can cause neck and back pain

  7. MUSCULAR DISORDERS • Infections • Poliomyelitis was an infection of muscles that caused paralysis and often death. • The president Franklin Delano Roosevelt had polio and spent most of his adult life in a wheelchair. • “Polio” was common in the early 20th century has nearly been eliminated by a comprehensive vaccination program.

  8. MUSCULAR DISORDERS • Muscular Dystrophy • A genetic disease • Is actually a group of disorders characterized by muscle atrophy • Is often fatal

  9. MUSCULAR DISORDERS • Multiple Sclerosis • An autoimmune disease characterized by chronic fatigue and weakness

  10. Effects of exercise • Muscular hypertrophy- increase in muscle size • Improved tone and posture • More efficient heart and lung function • Decreased fatigue

  11. Strength training • Increases the number of microfilaments in each fiber • Increases muscle mass

  12. Endurance training • Increases the muscles’ ability to sustain moderate exercise over a long period • Also called “cardio” or “aerobic” exercise • Does not usually result in hypertrophy More blood vessels develop to meet the need of the muscles. This increases efficiency of delivery of oxygen and nutrients to muscles.

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