Unit 2: American Revolution and the Constitution

1. Unit 2:American Revolution and the Constitution Maya Kesler Darby Hulse Destinee Payne James Balfour

2. SSUSH3: The student will explain the primary causes of the American Revolution. SSUSH3.b: • The stamp act was a tax on paper goods • Sons and Daughters of Liberty organized boycotts • Proclamation of 1763 provided no settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains • Committees of Correspondence was early texting about the Revolution SSUSH3.c: • Common Sense was a pamphlet by Thomas Paine that said we rule our self and create a good government.

3. SSUSH4: The student will identify the ideological, military, and diplomatic aspects of the American Revolution. SSUSH4.a: • John Locke and Montesquieu influenced Jefferson in writing the Declaration of Independence • John Locke created natural rights which are life, liberty, and property • Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence SSUSH4.b: • The French helped us with the revolution • Marquis de Lafayette was a French general who helps in the Americas with Yorktown • Benjamin Franklin declared an alliance by signing the Treaty of Amity and Commerce and the Treaty of Alliance on February 6, 1778 SSUSH4.c: • George Washington was the leader of the army • Most common soldiers were farmers first then trained in Valley Forge in the winter • Washington troops traveled on a cold, icy evening to battle the troops near the Delaware River SSUSH4.d: • The Treaty of Paris, 1783 ended the war • Lord Cornwallis surrendered to British • The British lose the Battle of Yorktown

4. SSUSH5: The student will explain specific events and key ideas that brought about the adoption and implementation of the United States Constitution. SSUSH5.a: • The Articles did not have a strong enough central government • The Articles could not handle Shay’s Rebellion which was farmers with pitch forks SSUSH5.b: • Federalists wanted a strong central government • Anti Federalists wanted states rights SSUSH5.c: • The Constitution granted natural rights to citizens • The Great Compromise SSUSH5.d: • The Bill of Rights served as a written form of natural rights to protect citizens SSUSH5.e: • The Whiskey Rebellion proved that the central government was strong

5. SSUSH6: The student will analyze the nature of territorial and population growth, and its impact in the early decades of the new nation. SSUSH6.a: • Jefferson served 2 terms • Shrunk the government SSUSH6.b: • Napoleon sold New Orleans and Louisiana Territory for $15 million • Jefferson sent Lewis and Clarke to explore Louisiana and western lands SSUSH6.c: • The War of 1812 • Caused by the angered Americans fueled by betrayal of the British • British teamed up with Indians • Americans tried to force the British to leave their country • The War of 1812 ended all U.S military hostility with Britain

6. Other sources • http://www.history.com/topics/louisiana-purchase/videos

7. Declaration of Independence

8. Louisiana Purchase

9. Summary Before America gained their freedom, we had to go through some trials first. King George played a major role in the hardships of the American freedom journey. King George imposed many taxes on the colonists. The colonists retaliated and King George imposed new regulations and taxes again. The Revolutionary War began. Though nobody imagined we would win, America beat the odds and took the victory over Great Britain. Our founding fathers declared us independent by writing the Declaration of Independence as a list of complaints against Great Britain. After the war, the colonists were still sensitive to the idea of a strong central government. The colonists that were worried about the government gaining too much power declared themselves Anti-Federalists, and the ones who favored a strong central government declared themselves Federalists. The Anti-Federalists pushed towards The Articles of Confederation, which limited the central government’s power. The Federalists pushed for the Constitution, which granted the government and the states the perfect amount of power to run the government smoothly. The Articles proved to fail, so the Constitution was eventually put into play.

10. Unit 2 vocab • Articles of confederation-original federal constitution drafted by the continental congress in 1777 • Anti Federalist-one who opposed ratification of the constitution • Ratification-official approval • Checks and Balances-system in which each branch of the government has the power to monitor and limit the actions of the other two. • Alexander Hamilton-British founding father • Constitution-governing document September 17, 1787

11. 7. Separation of Powers- Principle that divides power among the executive, legislative and judicial branches of government 8. Slaves Rights- The individual rights that states have. 9. Whiskey Rebellion-1794 uprising in western Pennsylvania that opposed the excise tax on whiskey 10. Political Parties-organization of people that seeks to win elections and hold public offices in order to shape government policy 11.Louisianna Purchase-1803 purchase from France by the United States of the territory between the Mississippi river and the Rocky Mtns

12. 12. War of 1812-War between U.S. and Great Britain (we won) 13. Shay’s Rebellion- farmers rebellion against taxes 14. Federalists-favorited ratification of the Constitution 15. Factions-political parties 16. James Madison-took notes at the Constitutional Convention 17. Great Compromise-between Virginia and New Jersey about representation

13. 18. Bill of Rights- First 10 amendments of the constitution 19. John Adams- 2nd president of the United States 20.Non Intervention- Not getting involved 21. North West Ordinance- Law which provided basis for governing in North West territory 22. Lewis and Clarke-Sent by Jefferson to explore

14. 23. Treaty of Pairs- British gave land back 24. Proclamation of 1763-British action that did not allow settlement of West Appalachian Mountains 25. Intolerable Acts-sons and daughters of liberty organized boycotts 26. Committees of Correspondence- Bringing the colonies together 27. Declaration of Independence- written by Thomas Jefferson stating natural rights and complaints against Great Britain

15. 28. Montesquieu- Separation of powers 29. French alliance- We won The American Revolution because the French offered many resources we did not have ourselves 30. Marquis de Lafayette- French military 31. Professional Military- Hessians

16. 32. Lord Cornwallis- Surrendered at Yorktown 33. American Revolution- Effort for Independence From Great Britain 34. Stamp Act- Tax on paper goods 35. Common Sense- govern ourselves, free from Great Britain, natural rights

17. 36. Thomas Jefferson- Anti Federalist 37. Benjamin Franklin- Utility figure who helped gain the deal for the Louisiana Purchase 38. George Washington- General of the American army, nations first president 39. Crossing the Delaware- To beat British on Christmas 40. Yorktown- Battle to ensure American Victory of the Revolution

32. "We must all hang together, or assuredly we shall all hang separately." -- Benjamin Franklin at the signing of the Declaration of Independence

33. "There! His Majesty can now read my name without glasses. And he can double the reward on my head!" -- John Hancock after signing his name in large letters on the Declaration of Independence