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This chapter delves into scientific models that illustrate unseen processes, focusing on particle theory. We differentiate between heterogeneous and homogeneous mixtures, providing examples such as salads and alloys. It explains key concepts like solutions, where a solute dissolves in a solvent, and mechanical mixtures with distinct particles. Additionally, we cover physical and chemical properties, including density and combustibility, as well as alloys, suspensions, and colloids. The chapter highlights how compounds consist of bonded atoms, while elements are pure substances comprised of a single particle type.
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Chapter 5 KEY WORDS
Scientific model A way of picturing processes that can’t be seen Ex. particle theory
Heterogeneous Not uniformly mixed particles Salad, smarties, homogenized milk, metal ores smog
Homogeneous Describes pure substances and mixtures that are uniform throughout Ex. Solutions, alloys , elements and compounds
Solution • Homogeneous mixture of two or more pure substances ex. Solution = Salt water Solute = salt (the substance dissolved) Solvent= water (the substance in which the solute is dissolved)
Mechanical mixture • Made of more than one kind of particle, not uniformly distributed Rice and beans, concrete (you can see the different parts)
Density Mass per unit volume
Combustibility Ability to burn in air ethanol
Physical property • A characteristic that can be observed or measured
Chemical property • How a substance reacts when forming a new substance
Alloys • Homogeneous mixture of one or more metals Wood’s metal
Suspension • Particles in mixture may be seen with naked eye or light microscope. Left undisturbed, particles separate.
Colloid • A mechanical mixture with particles small enough they will not separate.
Tyndall effect • The scattering of light by colloid particles
Compounds and Elements Compounds: Atoms of different elements bonded together. Elements: Pure substances made of only one type of particle.
