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Mastering Conditionals: Zero, First, Second, and Third Conditional Rules

Understand and practice the nuances of zero, first, second, and third conditionals in English grammar. From general truths to hypothetical situations, this guide covers it all. Learn when to use each conditional form with clear examples.

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Mastering Conditionals: Zero, First, Second, and Third Conditional Rules

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  1. Conditionals

  2. The Zero Conditional If the telephone rings, it makes a noise! Water evaporates if you boil it.

  3. Use ZERO Conditional: 1. for general truths2. for instructions If the recorder is on, the green light appears. If you have any problem, call our store.

  4. Zero Conditional form: If clause – PRESENT SIMPLE + PRESENT SIMPLE If he is angry, his face turns red! If he drinks too much coffee, he doesn’t sleep.

  5. The First Conditional

  6. Use First Conditional: To refer to the future. It is used when there is a possibility that the if-event might happen. It’s a PROBABLE/POSSIBLE condition. If Bart studies harder, he will pass.

  7. First Conditional form: If clause – PRESENT SIMPLE + FUTURE (WILL) FUTURE (GOING TO) - for plans

  8. The Second Conditional Garfield doesn’t know what would be fun. Laziness COMES naturally to Garfield.

  9. Use SECOND Conditional: To refer to the present or future. 1. hypothetical: If I worked in that factory, I'd soon change things, (but I don't work in that factory) If I spoke French, my job would be a lot easier, (but I don't speak French) 2. unlikely: If she left her husband, she would/might be happier, (but I don't think she's going to leave her husband)

  10. Second Conditional form: if clause - past simple + would/could/might + infinitive Now you do it! 1. I am not in your position. I can’t do it. If I were in your position, I could do it. 2. I am fit. I will go climbing If I were (was) fit, I wouldn’t go climbing. 3. I am in a hurry. I won't stay to dinner. If I weren’t (wasn’t) in a hurry, I would stay to dinner. 4. He's not a millionaire. He won't buy you a palace. If he were (was) a millionaire, he would buy a palace. 5. The weather isn't sunny. We won't stay indoors. If the weather were (was) sunny, we would stay indoors.

  11. The Third Conditional If Bart had studied, he wouldn’t have failed. Use: 1. to talk about things in the pasthappening differently from the way they really happened. This sometimes means criticizing people or pointing out their mistakes. If you'd been a bit more careful, you wouldn't have cut yourself. 2. to express regret about the past. If I hadn't fallen ill and missed the interview, I might have got the job.

  12. Attention If the conditional comes first, you need a comma. You don’t need a comma if the conditional doesn’t come first.

  13. Bibliography FUCHS, Marjorie & BONNER, Margaret. Grammar Express, Longman, 2003 EASTWOOD, John. Oxford Practice Grammar, Oxford University Press, 2002

  14. Developed by Kátia Martins Pereira

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