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Respiratory System

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This document presents an in-depth examination of the respiratory system, focusing on the anatomy and histology of the trachea and lungs. Key objectives include recognizing the tracheal structure, observing changes in the lung's conducting portions, distinguishing respiratory segments, and identifying type II alveolar cells and macrophages in slides. Detailed histological features are discussed, including the arrangement of epithelium in bronchi and bronchioles, the presence of cartilage, and the role of smooth muscle in respiratory function. The information is supported by H&E staining images and key identifiers for different lung components.

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Respiratory System

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  1. Respiratory System By: Wang Qiao-zhi

  2. Objectives： • Recognize the general structure of trachea. • 2. Observe the changes features that occur in the walls of conducting portions of lung. • 3. Distinguish the various segments of the respiratory system. • 4. Realize typeⅡ alveolar celland macrophage in alveolar.

  3. slides: 1.气管（trachea） 2.肺（Lung）

  4. 1、气管（trachea） • 1) Naked eye:In the specimen the large “C” shaped blue band is the hyaline cartilage.

  5. 1. Trachea, H&E Lower magnification(×4)

  6. Epithelium Mucosa lamina propria Submucosa seromucous glands+LCT adventitia Hyaline Cartilage+LCT 1. Trachea, H&E

  7. perichondrium

  8. Folds

  9. 2. Lung, H&E

  10. How to distinguish the BV and intrapulmonary bronchi? BV: endothelium, simple squamous epi,blood Bronchi:Pseudo-stratifiedCiliated Columnar Epi/ ciliated simple columnar /simple columnar epi

  11. Small bronchi cartilage

  12. Small bronchioles SM Cartilage plate Higher magnification(×40)

  13. Bronchioles： ciliated simple columnar A few glands, goblet cells.. Bundle of smooth muscle Distinguish from small bronchi , no pieces of hyaline cartilage.

  14. circular mucosa plica • simple columnar epi: IT is difficulty to distinguish from Bronchioles • goblet cell, gland, cartilage disappear • A whole layer of SM

  15. Respiratory portion : respiratory bronchioles alveolar ducts alveolar sacs alveoli

  16. Arrow – Respiratory bronchiole Arrowhead – Branch of Pulmonary artery

  17. Arrow head – Interrupted smooth muscle layer

  18. knob-liked structure alveoli alveolar duct alveolar sac

  19. alveolar duct terminal bronchiole respiratory bronchiole

  20. Higher magnification(×40) type I alveolar cell macrophage type II alveolar cell

  21. Find structurs as follow: Lower magnification :small bronchioles(if present), bronchiole, respiratory bronchiole, alveolus Higher magnification :and the two cells (type Ⅱ and dust cell)

  22. QUIZ Small bronchi

  23. respiratory bronchiole

  24. terminal bronchiole

  25. respiratory bronchiole alveolar duct terminal bronchiole bronchiole

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