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Conservative Governments: The Domestic Political Order

Explore the domestic political order in Great Britain and Eastern Europe during the 19th century, focusing on the beliefs and actions of conservative governments. Discover the pillars of 19th-century conservatism, including legitimate monarchies, landed aristocracies, and established churches. Witness the dangers brewing as conflicts arise between conservatives and liberals, and how figures like Austrian Prince Metternich and Frederick William III of Prussia influenced the course of history. Uncover the power struggles, societal issues, and uprisings that shaped this tumultuous period in European politics.

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Conservative Governments: The Domestic Political Order

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  1. Conservative Governments:The Domestic Political Order

  2. Popular in Great Britain and Eastern Europe

  3. 3 Pillars of 19th Century Conservatism • Legitimate Monarchies • Landed Aristocracies • Established Churches

  4. Beliefs of Conservatives • Monarchs could only trust governments of aristocracy. • No representative govt. could protect private property. • No written constitutions. • The Church- hated Enlightenment ideas.

  5. Danger Brewing… • The aristocracy knew that they were surrounded by liberal enemies. • At any time, they could be toppled. • Conflicts in one country could easily spill into others.

  6. Austrian Prince Metternich • Epitomized 19th Century Conservatism. • Attempted to keep the states of the German confederation from having constitutions. • Prevented Austria from having a representative government.

  7. German Confederation

  8. Frederick William III of Prussia • Initially promised his people a constitutional government. • Through some inter-working, kept complete control of Prussia (junkers).

  9. Power of students… • Students organized nationalistic clubs to counteract conservatism (burschenshaft)

  10. Karl Sand • Assassinated conservative dramatist August von Kotzebue who mocked the students.

  11. Carlsbad Decrees • Issued by Prince Metternich • Created university inspectors, press censors, and the right for the ruler to deny the requests of constitutionalists. • What kind of society did this create?

  12. Problems Arise in Britain • 1815, two consecutive poor harvests. • Displaced British soldiers/ sailors discharged. • Unemployment was high.

  13. Lord Liverpool’s Ministry • Protected the interests of the land and wealthy classes. • Corn law- tax on imported grain. • No income tax paid by rich- instead, sales taxes on consumer goods. • Poor law- nearly eliminated. • 1799 Combination Acts- banned workers organizations.

  14. British commoners begin an uprising • Coercion Acts issued in 1817, which suspended habeas corpus and extended laws against seditious gatherings.

  15. Northern Britain • Coercion Acts deterred few. • Peterloo Massacre

  16. Six Acts Passed • No public meetings • Raised fines for seditious libel • Speedy trials for agitators • Increased Newspaper taxes • Prohibited training of armed groups • Home searches permitted

  17. Cato Street Conspiracy • Radicals attempted to blow up the British Cabinet. • The plot was unearthed and foiled. • 5 hanged

  18. Bourbon Restoration in France • Louis XVIII • Agreed to be a constitutional monarch under his terms, the Charter.

  19. The Charter • 2 House Party- one picked by king, one elected officials. • Religious toleration. • Property rights to confiscated property. • Declaration of the Rights of Man

  20. Ultraroyalism • Louis’ brother, Count of Artois gets revenge. • Former revolutionaries and Napoleon supporters killed.

  21. A Liberal life in France (about as funny as “Sinbad in Montreal.”) • Liberals nearly ousted from the country in the 1820’s. • Secondary Education under control of Roman Catholic Bishops. • Press Censorship imposed. • Wealthy given more control.

  22. That was a lot of notes!

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