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K-2 Mathematical Models for Primary Education: Strategies and Tools

This guide highlights effective mathematical models and instructional strategies for grades K-2, focusing on areas like number representation, place value, and basic operations. Key models include Number Towers, Base-Ten Blocks, and Number Bonds, each with strategies for engaging students in counting, addition, and subtraction. Activities such as bundling sticks, playing “Race to Zero,” and using place value mats are designed to reinforce learning through hands-on experiences. These models and strategies support varied learning needs across grade levels.

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K-2 Mathematical Models for Primary Education: Strategies and Tools

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  1. Math Models In K-2

  2. Suggested Models by Grade Level

  3. Areas of primary application for models • The following categories indicate the primary application area for each model. However, as previously stated, models appear repeatedly across grades and topics. Therefore, instructional strategies will include examples spanning several levels of the curriculum. Numbers Through 10 • Number Towers • Number Path • Number Bond Place Value and Standard Algorithms • Bundles • Place Value Chart • Base-Ten Blocks • Money • Number Disks (with Place Value Chart) Fractions • Number Line • Area Model Addition and Subtraction • Ten-Frame Multiplication • Array and Area Model • Rekenrek Word Problems • Bar Diagram

  4. Number Paths

  5. Number paths – instructional strategies

  6. Base Ten Blocks

  7. Base ten blocks – instructional strategies

  8. Bundles

  9. Bundles – instructional strategies • Instructional Strategies • Represent various quantities with bundles and “singles” • Count school days. Each day a single straw/stick is added to the ones pocket and counted. Sticks are bundled when 10 days have passed and moved to the tens pocket. Have a “100th day” celebration. • Bundles may also be used to count down to a significant event (e.g. the last day of school). Unbundle as necessary. • Play “Race to Zero” with a partner. Students start with a quantity between 30 and 40 in bundles. Roll two dice to determine what can be taken away from the starting quantity (unbundling as necessary). First partner to reach zero is the winner. (This game may also be played as an addition game.) • Count in unit form (2 tens, 8 ones; 2 tens, 9 ones; 3 tens, etc.). • Represent quantities on place value mats to be added or subtracted.

  10. Number towers

  11. Number Towers

  12. Number towers – instructional strategies

  13. Ten frame

  14. Ten frame – instructional strategies

  15. Number bonds

  16. Number Bonds – Instructional Strategies

  17. Number bonds - Examples

  18. Number line

  19. Number line – instructional strategies

  20. rekenrek

  21. Rekenrek – instructional strategies

  22. Rekenrek – instructional strategies

  23. Array and Area models

  24. Array and area model – instructional strategies

  25. Array and area model – instructional strategies

  26. money

  27. Money – instructional strategies

  28. Number disks

  29. Number disks – instructional strategies

  30. Place value chart

  31. Place value chart – instructional strategies

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