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The Ancient Middle East

The Ancient Middle East. 1. Mesopotamia: "Land Between the Two Rivers". Indo-European Migrations: 4m-2m BCE. The Middle East: “The Crossroads of Three Continents”. The Ancient Fertile Crescent Area. The Middle East: “The Cradle of Civilization”. Sumerians.

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The Ancient Middle East

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  1. The Ancient Middle East

  2. 1. Mesopotamia: "Land Between the Two Rivers"

  3. Indo-European Migrations: 4m-2m BCE The Middle East: “The Crossroads of Three Continents”

  4. The Ancient Fertile Crescent Area The Middle East: “The Cradle of Civilization”

  5. Sumerians

  6. Sumerian Religion - Polytheistic Enki – water or life Innana - heaven Anthropomorphic (having human characteristics) Gods

  7. Mesopotamian Trade “The Cuneiform World”

  8. Cuneiform:“Wedge-Shaped” Writing

  9. Cuneiform Writing

  10. Deciphering Cuneiform

  11. Sumerian Scribes “Tablet House”

  12. Sumerian Cylinder Seals

  13. Cuneiform deciphered by Sir Henry Creswicke Rawlinson in 1838 using carving on Behistun Rock by Darius I

  14. Gilgamesh

  15. Gilgamesh Epic Tablet:Flood Story

  16. Ziggurat at Ur • Temple • “Mountain of the Gods”

  17. The Royal Standard of Ur

  18. Mesopotamian Harp

  19. Board Game From Ur

  20. Sophisticated Metallurgy Skillsat Ur

  21. Dates: 3000 to 2000 BCE • Sumerian achievements also include: • The wheel • The arch • A number system based on 60 • A calendar – not accurate • Govt. was a city-state with each city controlling the surrounding land – each city-state had its own king • By 2500 BCE began to decline

  22. Sargon of Akkad:The World’s First Empire [Akkadians]

  23. The Babylonian Empires

  24. Hammurabi’s [r. 1792-1750 B. C. E.] Code

  25. Hammurabi, the Judge

  26. Babylonian Math

  27. Babylonian Numbers

  28. Babylonians

  29. Babylonians • Dates: 1800 – 1600 BCE • Important Ruler: Hammurabi • By 1763 BCE Hammurabi’s kingdom stretched from northern Mesopotamia to the Persian Gulf.

  30. Important accomplishment: Hammurabi’s Code (Laws) • Code was very much “an eye for an eye” • Poor people were punished more severely than the rich • Defined the position of women in Babylonian society and established marriage, divorce and adoption laws.

  31. Beginning in 1600 BCE and continuing for several centuries, the region of Mesopotamia was conquered by a succession of invading armies. • HITTITES attacked 1530 BCE and reached peak of power @1300 BCE. • First to use Iron weapons and introduced the use of horses in warfare.

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