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IGF: Concept &Development

IGF: Concept &Development. Babu Ram Aryal. Founder/Executive Director, Forum for Digital Equality Founder/Immediate Past President, ISOC Nepal Vice Chair, MSG, Nepal Internet Governance Forum. J.P. Barlows Declaration of Cyber independence : 1996.

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IGF: Concept &Development

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  1. IGF: Concept &Development

  2. Babu Ram Aryal Founder/Executive Director, Forum for Digital Equality Founder/Immediate Past President, ISOC Nepal Vice Chair, MSG, Nepal Internet Governance Forum

  3. J.P. Barlows Declaration of Cyber independence : 1996 Governments of the Industrial world, you weary giants of flesh and steel, I come from cyberspace, the new home of mind. On behalf of the future, I ask you of the past to leave us alone. You are not welcome among us. You have no sovereignty where we gather.

  4. Lawrence Lessig: Code is the Law (1998) In Cyberspace we must understand how code regulates…we can build, or architect and code cyberspace to protect values that we believe are fundamental or we can … allow those values to allow those values to disappear. There is no middle ground. Code is never found, it is disappear. There is no middle ground. Code is never found, it is only ever made and only ever made by us.

  5. Early Development 1957: The Sputnik 1958: NASA & ARPA 1969: The first Network: DARPANet 1970s: Research, financed by the DOD

  6. Protocol Development 1969: RFC (Steve Crocker) 1971: @ (Roy Tomlinson) 1974. TCP/IP (Vint Cerf & Bob Kahn) 1975: IAB (Dave Clark & Barry Leiner) 1982: SMTP (Jon Postel) 1985: DNS (Paul Mockapetris & Postel) 1986: IETF (Mike Corrigan) 1986: 1991: HTML (Tim Barners 1991: 1992: ISOC (Cerf, Kahn & Chapin)

  7. DNS Governance • Numbers Numbers • IPv4: 134.35.145.34 (4.3 billion) IPv4: 134.35.145.34 (4.3 billion) • IPv6: 128 bits long (zillions, nearly endless) IPv6: 128 bits long (zillions, nearly endless) • Names • gTLDs/for US: .mil, .gov, .edu, /f gTLDs/for US: .mil, .gov, .edu, /for the world: .com, .org, .net or the world: .com, .org, .net, • ccTLDs: .de, .dk, .in (ISO 3166) ccTLDs: .de, .dk, .in (ISO 3166)

  8. DNS Governance • • Root Server Root Server • Originally 13, today with Anycast more than 100 Originally 13, today with Anycast more than 100 • Special role of US government (authorizes the publication of Special role of US government (authorizes the publication of zone files for TLDs in the Hidden Server) zone files for TLDs in the Hidden Server) • Management • Jon Postel via IANA (1989 ISI contract with USG) • NSI (contract with USG) NSI (contract with USG)

  9. DNS Governance 1989: IANA – Jon Postel & Contract with Department of Commerce 1994: ISOC – 150 new gTLDs (failed) 150 new gTLDs (failed) • 1997: IAHC 1997: IAHC – MoU with ITU, WIPO, INTA, IAB, IANA and ISOC (failed) 1998: ICANN – Private corporation under Californian Law linked via a MoU to the US Department of Commerce 2016: IANA Transition [1st October]

  10. WSIS(2003–2005) Internet governance was introduced to the WSIS process during the West Asia regional meeting in February 2003; WSIS Geneva summit (2003) agreed to establish the Working Group on Internet Governance (WGIG), The WSIS Tunis Agenda for the Information Society elaborated on the question of Internet governance, including adopting the definition proposed by WGIG, listing Internet governance issues, and establishing the Internet Governance Forum (IGF), a multistakeholder body convoked by the UN Secretary General to function as a space for discussions on public policy issues related to key elements of Internet governance.

  11. Meaning of Internet Governance • The World Summit on the Information Society (WSIS)came up with the following working definition of Internet governance: • Internet governance is the development and application by governments, the private sector, and civil society, in their respective roles, of shared principles, norms, rules, decision‑making procedures, and programs that shape the evolution and use of the Internet.

  12. Internet Governance Forum The Internet Governance Forum is a multi-stakeholder platform to be called by the Secretary General of United Nations to discuss various issues of Internet. IGF is one of major outcome of WSIS which was held in two installment in 2003 and 2005 respectively in Geneva and Tunis. The Internet Governance Forum (IGF) serves to bring people together from various stakeholder groups as equals, in discussions on public policy issues relating to the Internet.  At annual meeting delegates discuss, exchange information and share good practices with each other.

  13. Internet Governance Forum The IGF facilitates a common understanding of how to maximize Internet opportunities and address risks and challenges that arise. The Forum brings various stakeholder groups to the table as equals to exchange information and share good practices. IGF has no decision-making mandates, it informs and inspires those who do. It facilitates a common understanding of how to maximize Internet opportunities and address risks and challenges.

  14. Purpose of the IGF To maximize the opportunity for open and inclusive dialogue and the exchange of ideas on Internet governance (IG) related issues; Create opportunities to share best practices and experiences; identify emerging issues and bring them to the attention of the relevant bodies and the general public; Contribute to capacity building for Internet governance.

  15. Aim of IGF • To facilitate inclusive, productive discussions on Internet related public policy issues from a general perspective, while keeping all stakeholders involved. • IGF adheres to the generally used UN principle of discouraging ad hominem attacks. • participants should refrain from singling out individual persons, companies, countries or entities during their interventions and throughout the general discussions and debates in main sessions, workshops and other events at IGF meetings. • Concrete examples can be highlighted in the overall coverage of IG issues as long as it is not done in a blatantly inflammatory or potentially libelous way. • Singling out one entity without broader context could not only discourage further participation of this entity, but endanger inclusive and productive discussion at the IGF. 

  16. Need and Scope of IGF • Paragraph 72 of the Tunis Agenda recommended UN Secretary General to convene IGF as follows: • 72. We ask the UN Secretary-General, in an open and inclusive process, to convene, by the second quarter of 2006, a meeting of the new forum for multi-stakeholder policy dialogue—called the Internet Governance Forum (IGF).

  17. Mandate of IGF : Para 72, Tunis Agenda • Discuss public policy issues related to key elements of Internet governance in order to foster the sustainability, robustness, security, stability and development of the Internet; • Facilitate discourse between bodies dealing with different cross-cutting international public policies regarding the Internet and discuss issues that do not fall within the scope of any existing body; • Interface with appropriate inter-governmental organizations and other institutions on matters under their purview; • Facilitate the exchange of information and best practices, and in this regard make full use of the expertise of the academic, scientific and technical communities;

  18. Mandate of IGF… • Advise all stakeholders in proposing ways and means to accelerate the availability and affordability of the Internet in the developing world; • Strengthen and enhance the engagement of stakeholders in existing and/or future Internet governance mechanisms, particularly those from developing countries; • Identify emerging issues, bring them to the attention of the relevant bodies and the general public, and, where appropriate, make recommendations; • Contribute to capacity building for Internet governance in developing countries, drawing fully on local sources of knowledge and expertise;

  19. Mandate of IGF… • Promote and assess, on an ongoing basis, the embodiment of WSIS principles in Internet governance processes; • Discuss, inter alia, issues relating to critical Internet resources; • Help to find solutions to the issues arising from the use and misuse of the Internet, of particular concern to everyday users; • Publish its proceedings

  20. Past IGF Meetings Athens, Greece, in November 2006; Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, in November 2007; Hyderabad, India, in December 2008; Sharmel-Sheikh, Egypt, in November 2009; Vilnius, Lithuania, in November 2010; Nairobi, Kenya, in September 2011; Baku, Azerbaijan, in November 2012; Bali, Indonesia, in October 2013; Istanbul, Turkey, in September 2014; and João Pessoa, Brazil, in November 2015. Gaudalagara, Mexico, November, 2016 Geneva, December 17-21, 2017

  21. Structures of IGF

  22. Structures of IGF

  23. Structures of IGF

  24. How to Engage in IGF • Find/Become a Resource Person • Subscribe the Mailing Lists • Participate in various meetings

  25. Process of Selection of Workshop

  26. IGF Initiatives in Nepal Internet Society Nepal Chapter, Forum for Digital Equality and the High Level Commission on Information Technology conducted the first formal discussion on Internet Governance was started in 2008 (27th November) just before the Hyderabad IGF. Various government bodies, organizations, associations and agencies have been involved in IG discussion at different name and form. Nepal IGF MSG formed 2017 Nepal IGF [August 17-18)

  27. Development of SIG When the Internet Governance become major issue in recent past, some of global and regional initiatives started capacity building program on Internet Governance for concern stakeholders. Diplo Foundation started Online and Offline course on Internet Governance and other global organizations like Internet Society (ISOC) also started online course on Internet Governance.

  28. Current SIGs African School on Internet Governance(AfriSIG) Asia Pacific School on Internet Governance ( APSIG) Asia Pacific Internet Leaders Program (APILP) Asia Pacific Internet Governance Academy (APIGA) Euro Summer School on Internet Governance (Euro SSIG) Middle East and Adjoining Countries School on Internet Governance(MEAC-SIG) South School on Internet Governance (South SIG)

  29. National IGs pkSIG was the first SIG in South Asia. Afghanistan School on Internet Governance (afSIG) India School on Internet Governance (inSIG) Sri Lanka School on Internet Governance (lkSIG) Bangaladesh School on Internet Governance Brazilian Internet Governance School (EGI.br), Beijing-Asia Pacific Internet Leadership Program Lebanon SIG Korian SIG

  30. NEPAL SCHOOL OF INTERNET GOVERNANCE (npSIG) •  Realizing the importance of SIG to promote the debate and discussion on IG issues at national and contributing at international levels from Nepal, Internet Society Nepal (ISOC Nepal) and Forum for Digital Equality (FDE) started preliminary work for a national school on Internet Governance. • APSIG, ISOC, APNIC, APASA, ICANN were key supporters who encouraged to start the School • DOIT, NTA, CAN Federation, NPIX, and other stakeholders joined the initiatives.

  31. Aim of npSIG The main objective of the School is to enhance the capacity of young people on theInternet Governance issues and equip them so that they can participate and contribute at higher level of the Internet Governance process. Additionally, npSIG also aims at building expert forums on Internet Governance through the alumni of the school.

  32. Offer at npSIG npSIG offer understanding, framing, and outlining actions to be taken in the current Internet Governance (IG) environment. It also offers potential governance scenarios and analyze its international, regional, and national political, economic, technical and other implications. The School will help individuals to better understand the global and regional Internet Governance issues, settings, and processes, while gaining access to comprehensive and structured knowledge on various aspects of Internet Governance, and the actors, issues and settings surrounding it

  33. Babu Ram Aryal Executive Director, Forum for Digital Equality Maitighar, Kathmandu Nepal Email: fbaburam@fde.org.np @merobabu @fdenepal @NepalSIG Phone: +977-9851048401/+977-1-4243071

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