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Respiratory System

Explore the intricate workings of the respiratory system, from lungs to air passages, responsible for oxygen intake and carbon dioxide removal. Uncover the roles of the nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, alveoli, and lungs in the breathing process.

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Respiratory System

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  1. Respiratory System

  2. Respiratory System • Lungs & Air passages • Responsible for taking in oxygen and removing carbon dioxide (CO2) • 4 – 6 minute supply of oxygen • Includes: nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, alveoli, and lungs

  3. Nose • 2 nostrils • Nasal septum • Nasal cavities • Lined with a mucous membrane • Rich blood supply • Air is warmed, filtered, and moistened

  4. Nose • Nasal cavities • Mucous helps trap pathogens and dirt • Cilia • Tiny hairlike structures in nasal cavity • Also trap dirt and pathogens as they enter nose so they can be pushed toward the esophagus and be swallowed • Olfactory receptors • Nasolacrimal ducts drain tears from the eye into the nose to provide additional moisture for the air

  5. Sinuses • Cavities in the skull around the nasal area • Connected to the nasal cavity by short ducts • Lined with mucous membrane that warms and moistens air • Also provide resonance for the voice

  6. Pharynx • Lies directly behind the nasal cavities • Three sections • Nasopharynx • Upper section behind nose • Oropharynx • Middle section behind oral cavity • Laryngopharynx • bottom section • Branches to esophagus & trachea

  7. Larynx • Voice box (Adam's apple) • Lies between the pharynx and trachea • Vocal cords • Opening between cords is called the glottis • Vocal cords vibrate and produce sound • Tongue and lips act on the sound to produce speech

  8. Epiglottis • Special piece of cartilage • Leaf like structure that closes the opening into the larynx during swallowing • Prevents food and liquids from entering the respiratory tract

  9. Trachea • Tube carries air between the pharynx and bronchi • Series of c-shaped cartilage

  10. Bronchi • Two divisions of the trachea near the center of the chest • Each bronchus enters a lung • Smaller branches are called bronchioles • End in air sacs called alveoli

  11. Alveoli • Air sacs • 500 million alveoli • Contain rich network of blood capillaries • Inner surface of alveoli are covered with surfactant • Lipid or fatty substance • Helps prevent alveoli from collapsing

  12. Lungs • Organs that contain divisions of the bronchi and alveoli • Right lung has three sections or lobes • Left lung has only two lobes • Pleura is membrane or sac enclosing each lung

  13. Health Lung Tissue

  14. Organs of the respiratory system

  15. Pathway of air from the nose to the capillaries of the lungs.

  16. A) Tracheostomy.B) Healed tracheostomy incision

  17. Endotracheal intubation.

  18. Pneumothorax- Accumulation of air or gas in the pleural cavity, occurring as a result of disease or injury or as a treatment of TB and other lung diseases.

  19. Bronchogenic carcinoma.

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