The English Colonies

1. The English Colonies 1605-1774

2. The New England Colonies

3. The Big Idea • English Colonists traveled to New England to gain religious freedom

4. Main Idea #1 • The Pilgrims and Puritans came to America to avoid religious persecution

5. Main Idea #2 • Religion and government were closely linked in the New England colonies

6. Main Idea #3 • The New England economy was based on trade and farming

7. Main Idea #4 • Education was important in the New England colonies

8. Pilgrims V. Puritans • Puritans wanted to purify, or reform, the Anglican Church (Church of England) • Pilgrims wanted to separate from Anglican Church • Some pilgrims left England to escape persecution. They became immigrants, people who leave the country of their birth to live in another country

9. Pilgrims • Left Netherlands in 1620 • Arrived at Plymouth Rock in present-day Massachusetts in late 1620

10. Pilgrims and the Mayflower Compact • Mayflower Compact: early attempt at self-government • Pilgrims agreed to have fair laws • Authority of government based on covenants

11. Pilgrims and the native Americans • Squanto taught Pilgrims to fertilize soil • Pilgrims celebrated first Thanksgiving with the Wampanoag Native Americans

12. Pilgrim Community • Most were farmers • Family members worked together

13. Pilgrim Women • Cooked, sewed clothing, wove wool • Had more legal rights than in England

14. Puritans • Puritans were dissenters who disagreed with official opinions and church actions in England • Many thousands left England in Great Migration from 1629 to 1640 • Puritan colonists led by John Winthrop went to Massachusetts to seek religious freedom • Established Massachusetts Bay Colony

15. Puritans • Puritan colonists led by John Winthrop went to Massachusetts to seek religious freedom • Established Massachusetts Bay Colony

16. “For we must consider that we shall be as a City upon a hill. The eyes of all people are upon us. Soe that if we shall deal falsely with our God in this work we have undertaken, and so cause him to withdraw his present help from us, we shall be made a story and a byword throughout the world.” -John Winthrop, 1630

17. Religion and Government • The colonists established a General Court that turned into a type of self-government • Government leaders were also church members • Dissenters were forced out of the colony

18. Religious Conflicts • Thomas Hooker and followers founded Connecticut to make government more democratic • “Father of American democracy”

19. Religious Conflicts • Roger Williams founded Providence and supported the separation of church and state

20. Religious Conflicts • Anne Hutchinson questioned teachings of Puritan leaders and was forced out of the colony • Believed that people could have a relationship with god without ministers

21. Religious Conflicts • In the 1690s Salem held the largest number of witchcraft trials. Nineteen people were put to death

22. New England Economy • Farming • Harsh climate and rocky soil meant few cash crops • Most farming families grew crops and raised animals for their own use • Little need for slaves

23. New England Economy • Trade • Merchants traded goods locally, with other colonies, and overseas • Fishing was one of region’s leading industries • Shipbuilding was also an important industry

24. New England Economy • Women • Ran farms and businesses • Practiced Medicine

25. Education • Public Education • Communities established town schools. • Students used New England Primer, which had stories from the Bible. • The ability to read the bible was the main reason for public education. • Most children stopped education after elementary grades.

26. Education • Higher Education • Important to colonists • John Harvard and the General Court founded Harvard College in 1636. • College of William and Mary founded in Virginia in 1693.

27. The Big Idea • English Colonists traveled to New England to gain religious freedom

28. Main Idea #1 • The Pilgrims and Puritans came to America to avoid religious persecution

29. Main Idea #2 • Religion and government were closely linked in the New England colonies

30. Main Idea #3 • The New England economy was based on trade and farming

31. Main Idea #4 • Education was important in the New England colonies

32. Short Answer • What made the Pilgrims decide to immigrate to America? • Which of Anne Hutchinson’s beliefs angered Puritan Church leaders? Why? • New England had plenty of forests. How do you connect this fact to the economic importance of certain industries in the region? • What factors helped the Puritans succeed in establishing the Massachusetts Bay Colony? • How did Squanto aid the Pilgrims in Plymouth colony? • Why did New England colonists think education was especially important?

33. Question #1 • What made the Pilgrims decide to immigrate to America? • Religious tension in England remained high after the Protestant Reformation. Tension arose between Pilgrims and the Church of England because Pilgrims thought bishops and priests had too much power over church members. Pilgrims were Separatists, people who wanted to separate from the Anglican Church. Anglican leaders punished Separatists. To escape punishment, Pilgrims immigrated to the Netherlands. When they began to fear that their children were losing their connection to the Dutch culture and language, they got a charter from England to start a colony in America.

34. Question #2 • Which of Anne Hutchinson’s beliefs angered Puritan Church leaders? Why? • Anne Hutchinson believed that people could have relationships with God without the help of ministers. This belief posed a threat to the authority of the Church in the community. If people didn’t need ministers, they didn’t need the Church.

35. Question #3 • New England had plenty of forests. How do you connect this fact to the economic importance of certain industries in the region? • The shipbuilding industry benefited economically from the huge supply of wood provided by the region’s forests. They used it to build different types of ships and boats in order to meet the demands of various traders. The ships they built helped the fishing industry as well as merchants who used the ships for trading purposes. Shipbuilding also attracted skilled craftspeople to the region.

36. Question #4 • What factors helped the Puritans succeed in establishing the Massachusetts Bay Colony? • The best answers will name at least three of the following factors: Puritans arrived well prepared to start their colony, having brought tools and livestock. The climate around Boston was healthful so few Puritans died from illness. The local Native Americans offered little resistance to the Puritans. The Massachusetts Bay Colony also benefited from trade with the Plymouth Colony.

37. Question #5 • How did Squanto aid the Pilgrims in Plymouth colony? • Squanto taught the Pilgrims how to fertilize the soil with fish remains. Squanto also helped the Pilgrims establish relations with the Wampanoag Indians. Both of these things led to the improvement of conditions in Plymouth colony.

38. Question #6 • Why did New England colonists think education was especially important? • They thought it was especially important for religious reasons. They wanted their children to learn to read the Bible. They also wanted to educate future ministers.