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Chapter 5

Chapter 5. Flowcharts and programming Techniques. Introduction. A flowchart is a diagram consisting of labeled geometrical symbols together with rows connecting one symbol to another

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Chapter 5

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  1. Chapter 5 Flowcharts and programming Techniques

  2. Introduction • A flowchart is a diagram consisting of labeled geometrical symbols together with rows connecting one symbol to another • A program flowchart pictures the sequence of instructions for solving a particular problem ( usually by means of a computer program).

  3. Introduction BOUNS = 0.03 * SALARY

  4. Introduction • The sequence of instructions for solving a particular problem is called algorithm. • Express the algorithm through a flowchart • Easier to draw the flowchart than to write the program directly. • Easier to understand than program • Easy for development. • Flowcharts are independent of any particular programming language

  5. VARIABLES ,DATA-NAMES, PROGRAMMINGSATATEMENTS • a variable means a data item whose value may change during the execution of the program. • Examples:- • Salary • Bouns • AVERAGE • Assignment Statements • Salary = 500 • Bouns = 0,03*Salary • AVERAGE = ( T1+T2+T3)/3

  6. VARIABLES ,DATA-NAMES, PROGRAMMINGSATATEMENTS • HOURS = HOURS + 12 • Counter = Counter + 1

  7. Input/Output Statements • Read NUMBER, HOURS,RATE • Write NUMBER, GROSS , NET

  8. FLOWCHART SYMBLOS

  9. FLOWCHART SYMBLOS Terminal symbol Input/Output symbol

  10. FLOWCHART SYMBLOS process symbol

  11. FLOWCHART SYMBLOS Decision symbol.

  12. FLOWCHART SYMBLOS Example: A company plans to give a year-end 3% to each of its employees. However, if an employee has been working 10 or more years at the company , he is to get an additional $50.

  13. FLOWCHART SYMBLOS

  14. FLOWCHART SYMBLOS Example: The HP company plans to give a year-end 3% bonus to each of its employees earning $10,000 or more per year , and a fixed $300 bonus for the other employees.

  15. FLOWCHART SYMBLOS

  16. LOOPS AND THEIR CONTROL BY A COUNTER

  17. LOOPS AND THEIR CONTROL BY A COUNTER

  18. CONTROL OF LOOPS BYHEADER OF TRALIER RECORDS Control by a Header Record

  19. CONTROL OF LOOPS BYHEADER OF TRALIER RECORDS Control by a Trailer Record

  20. ACCUMULATORS

  21. ACCUMULATORS Example : Suppose that a company wants to find the total salary paid to its employees of a company.

  22. TWO SPECIAL ALGORITHMS: • The average of the salaries,

  23. TWO SPECIAL ALGORITHMS: The largest salary

  24. DO LOOPS

  25. DO LOOPS • Example: A company has 80 employees . Draw a flowchart to find the average salary and the number of employees earning above the average salary

  26. Example

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