1 / 23

Genetic Engineering

Genetic Engineering. Chapter 13. Selective breeding. Allowing animals with certain traits to breed to produce a desired offspring. Examples:. Luther Burbank (1849-1926). American botanist who developed the disease resistant Burbank potato

andrew
Download Presentation

Genetic Engineering

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Genetic Engineering Chapter 13

  2. Selective breeding • Allowing animals with certain traits to breed to produce a desired offspring. • Examples:

  3. Luther Burbank (1849-1926) • American botanist who developed the disease resistant Burbank potato • Used process of hybridization : crossing dissimilar organisms to get best of both qualities.

  4. Inbreeding • The controlled breeding of closely related organisms. • Positive effects: controlled traits and characteristics. Pure bred dogs • Negative effects: excessive inbreeding can produce unwanted effects because of lack of variation. Blindness in German shepherds

  5. Increasing variation • Use radiation or chemicals • Can produce new strains of bacteria and new plants.

  6. Polyploidy • Having a multiple of the normal chromosome number. • Example: regular chromosome number is 9. Polyploidy condition could be 18, 27, 36, etc.

  7. DNA manipulation • Cutting DNA • Copying DNA • Changing DNA

  8. DNA Extraction • Where is the DNA located in a cell? • -the nucleus • First must break apart the cell membrane and nucleus to get at the DNA

  9. Cutting DNA • Usually use a restriction enzyme : a chemical used to cut out a specific segment of DNA.

  10. Gel Electrophoresis • Placing a mixture of DNA into a gel and applying an electric current. DNA is then separated according to size.

  11. Reading the DNA • Using a computer, fluorescent dyes, and samples of adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine.

  12. Cutting and Pasting • Use DNA synthesizers to make recombinant DNA (DNA from two different organisms spliced together)

  13. Making copies • PCR polymerase. • Used to make multiple copies of a segment of DNA or gene. • Developed by Kary Mullis

  14. Transformation • When a cell (usually a bacterium) takes in DNA from outside the cell. • Example: Griffith’s rats

  15. Plasmids • A small circular molecule of DNA • It often has a DNA sequence that serves as an origin of replication. • Contain genetic markers.

  16. Transgenic organisms • When an organism contains genes from other organisms. • Example: • A tobacco plant that containd DNA from a firefly.

  17. Biotechnology • A “new” field of biology that utilizes genetic engineering to produce new substances in the fields of health and industry.

  18. Transgenic animals • Livestock can grow faster, better quality of meat, resistant to disease. • Cows that produce human proteins in their milk.

  19. Transgenic plants • Usually cash crops such as cotton, corn, wheat, soybeans, etc. • Often incorporates bacterial DNA to make the crop resistant to disease, pests, or chemicals. • Ex: Bt corn

  20. Cloning • Clone: a member of a population of genetically identical cells produced from a single cell. • 1997: first mammal cloned. Dolly, the sheep.

  21. How do you make a clone?

  22. Is cloning a good thing or a bad thing? • Cloning articles

  23. Assignment: • Page 337-338 • 1-10, 13, 16, 17, 22, 23, 32

More Related