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Chapter 12 THE PROTOZOA

Chapter 12 THE PROTOZOA. UNICELLULAR - EUCARYOTIC MICROORGANISMS FOUND IN THE KINGDOM PROTISTA NO COMMON BASIC STRUCTURE, SIZE OR SHAPE SIZE VARIES GREATLY - 2 TO 5,000  m. Distribution. FREE LIVING FORMS PARASITIC FORMS (MANY ANIMALS CARRY PROTOZOANS AS NORMAL FLORA)

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Chapter 12 THE PROTOZOA

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  1. Chapter 12THE PROTOZOA UNICELLULAR - EUCARYOTIC MICROORGANISMS FOUND IN THE KINGDOM PROTISTA NO COMMON BASIC STRUCTURE, SIZE OR SHAPE SIZE VARIES GREATLY - 2 TO 5,000 m

  2. Distribution FREE LIVING FORMS PARASITIC FORMS (MANY ANIMALS CARRY PROTOZOANS AS NORMAL FLORA) FACTORS AFFECTING DISTRIBUTION OF FREE LIVING FORMS NaCl CONCENTRATION pH TEMPERATURE OXYGEN REQUIREMENTS

  3. Nutrition FREE LIVING FORMS - PHAGOCYTOSIS OF PARTICULATE MATTER COMPLEX NUTRITIONAL NEEDS ALL ARE CHEMOHETEROTROPHS STORAGE PRODUCTS - GLYCOGEN, STARCH AND LIPIDS ASEXUAL – BINARY FISSION, MULTIPLE FISSION OR BUDDING

  4. Reproduction ASEXUAL – BINARY FISSION, MULTIPLE FISSION OR BUDDING SEXUAL - SYNGAMY OR CONJUGATION CLASSIFICATION (ORGANELLES OF MOTOLITY) KINGDOM: PROTISTA PHYLUM: PROTOZOA GROUPINGS: AMOEBA, FLAGELLATES, CILIATES, SPOROZOA AMOEBA - PSEUDOPODIA - NO CELL WALL AMOEBA PROTEUS - FREE LIVING AMOEBA

  5. Classification • KINGDOM: PROTISTA • PHYLUM: PROTOZOA • GROUPINGS: AMOEBA, FLAGELLATES, CILIATES, SPOROZOA • AMOEBA - PSEUDOPODIA - NO CELL WALL • AMOEBA PROTEUS - FREE LIVING AMOEBA

  6. Classification (continue) ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA Causes: Amoebic Dysentery ACANTHAMOEBA Sp. Causes: 1. Granulomatous Amoebic Encephalitis 2. Keratitis

  7. Classification (continue) FLAGELLATES - FLAGELLA (MOST HUMAN PATHOGENS IN THIS GROUP) MOST PRIMITIVE OF THE PROTOZOANS CHARACTERISTICS OF FLAGELLA

  8. EUGLENA Sp.

  9. PATHOGENIC FLAGELLATES GIARDIA LAMBLIA TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS TRYPANOSOMA SP.

  10. CILIATES

  11. MOST ADVANCED PORTOZOA ORAL GROOVE CONTRACTILE VACUOLE NUCLEAR DIMORPHISM REPRODUCTION ASEXUALLY BY BINARY FISSION SEXUALLY BY CONJUGATION PATHOGENIC CILIATE - BALANTIDIUM COLI

  12. Treatment for protozoan infections is usually an antibiotic called metranidazole also called flagyl.

  13. SPOROZOA ALL OBLIGATE INTRACELLULAR PARASITES ALL HAVE COMPLEX LIFE CYCLES PATHOGENIC SPOROZOAN-PLASMODIUMSp. CAUSATIVE AGENT OF MALARIA FOUR SPECIES CAUSE MALARIA

  14. 1. P. MALARIAE 2. P. OVALE 3. P. VIVAX 4. P. FALCIPARUM LIFE CYCLE OCCURS IN TWO ORGANISMS MOSQUITO (ANOPHELES Sp.) AND ANIMAL BODY SEXUAL CYCLE IN MOSQUITO ASEXUAL CYCLE IN HUMAN BODY

  15. 3 IMPORTANT STAGES IN LIFE CYCLE SPOROZOITE MEROZOITE GAMETOCYTE LIFE CYCLE OF PLASMODIUM

  16. SYMPTOMS OF MALARIA MOST DEADLY FORM IS P.FALCIPARUM HOW MALARIA KILLS

  17. TREATMENT FOR MALARIA - QUININE AND ITS DERIVATIVES CHLOROQUINE PRIMAQUINE MEFLOQUINE - LARIUM SIDE EFFECTS OF LONG TERM USE OF QUININE HALLUCINATIONS CONVULSIONS EMOTIONAL CHANGES

  18. VACCINE????

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