Sanitize Our Subways S.O.S

1. Sanitize Our SubwaysS.O.S Miss Cucciniello: facilitator Jewish Foundation School Middle School Grade 8 Mentor: Chang Siew Wei Mentor’s Company: Texas Instruments S.O.S.: Melanie Candelario, Ari Schiff, Victoria Twito & NavahZuller 2009

2. Page 1: Homepage • Page 2: Index • Page 3: Contact Log • Page 4: Our Mentor’s Biography • Pages 5-8: S.O.S Team’s Biographies • Page 9: The Problem • Pages 10-11: Solution 1 And Its Research • Pages 12-13: Solution 2 And Its Research • Pages 14-15: Solution 3 And Its Research • Page 16: The Final Solution • Page 17: Works Cited • Page 18: Survey • Page 19: Survey Results • Page 20: Lessons Learned • Page 21: THE END!!!!!!!! Index 2009

3. Contact Log April 30: e-mailed our mentor for the first time. April 29: Our mentor responded, but could not use the workbook. May 12: Scheduled a meeting with our mentor and asked for her biography. May 12: She responded and told us that it would not work with the tome difference. May 13: Scheduled a meeting with our mentor for Sunday. May 14: Our mentor sent us her biography. May 16: Confirmed our meeting with our mentor. May 18: chose our solution. 2009

4. Our Mentor’s Biography • Chang Siew Wei is a RFID package development engineer in Texas Instruments (M) since August 2007. In her current role, she is widely exposed to lead-free solder processing and new assembly processes. In 2008, she was being recognized for her technical achievement when she won the 14th TIM Technical Conference. Prior to this, she has two years experience with Intel Technology (M) on chip-attach-module, in particular: flux printing and automated inspection process development on FCGBA products. During her years in Intel, her technical competency was acknowledged with awards like Intel Malaysia Site Recognition Award (2006), TMG Excellence Award - Broadway Technology Development (2007) FCBGA9 Phase 2a Special Recognition (2007), Intel Corporation Certificate of Completion of ATTD Introduction to Packaging Program (2006) and certificate of Achievement - Module Engineering Technology Forum (2007). She is a B.S. Microelectronics and IT graduate from Campbell University, North Carolina. 2009

5. S.O.S. Team Member:Melanie Candelario • Melanie is one of our researchers • She is 14 and has 2 siblings in sixth grade, Katie, Elissa, and a dog named Molly • Melanie placed third in the Young Inventors Contest at the Meucci-Geribaldi Museum • Melanie is excited to be working on this project especially because she thinks it will help her outside of school and later on in life • Melanie thinks that being sanitary in this day and age is important and was grateful to be researching it • Melanie says that prior to this project, she hadn’t thought about bacteria so much and that thinking of ways to prevent bacterial germs could be used in the real world is fun 2009

6. S.O.S .Team Member:Ari Schiff • Ari is our communicator to our mentor Siew Wei Chang • Ari is 14 years old and has a brother who is going into college • Ari was a finalist of the Young Inventors Contest at the Meucci-Geribaldi Museum. He was also a winner of the sixth grade social studies fair. • As this is the second time Ari has been entered in this contest, he understands how challenging this project can be and how hard he must work. • Ari will try his best and hopes to have fun 2009

7. S.O.S. Team Member:Victoria Twito • Victoria is one of our researchers and graphic designer of our power point • Victoria (also known as Tori) is 14 and has one brother in college and a dog named Chloe • Victoria is trilingual, as she speaks besides for English, both Hebrew and conversational Polish. • Victoria enjoys writing poetry and has recited her poems at school functions. • Victoria enjoys working with people and learning new things, while doing this project she managed to master the art of Powerpoint. • Victoria is a great organizer and has great team spirit. In this year’s color war, Victoria’s team(on which she was a captain) won partially because of her great leadership qualities. • Victoria was a finalist and came in second in the Young Inventors Contest at the Meucci-Geribaldi Museum. She was also a winner of the sixth grade social studies fair, and was in a group that placed second in an E2K science/math competition. 2009

8. S.O.S Team Member:NavahZuller • Navah is the PowerPoint typer and a researcher • Navah is 14 and has 2 younger brothers and one younger sister • Navah’s family is moving to Israel this summer. She is very excited about this • Navah has won two awards in poetry and also has read her poems at many school programs • Navah’s father runs a charity organization that benefits Israeli victims of Arab terror. She often goes with her father to Israel to distribute the money directly to its receivers. This helps her to care about society and others around her,. • Navah says that she is lucky to be put into the group that she is in, for the group’s dynamics are perfect for this assignment. Everyone works hard and gets the job done. 2009

9. The Problem • Explore different ways to reduce the amount of bacterial illnesses spread on n.y.c. subways • Our New York- Metropolitan area’s subways are extremely good breeding nests for bacterial germs. • Bacteria thrives in warm, damp, moist, dark, areas(a.k.a. the subway) • We are trying to stop and prevent the spreading of bacterial infections on our subways. 2009

10. Solution 1The Super Sub • Description: A self cleaning subway. It cleans hand rails and seats. A anti-bacterial cleaner will be sprayed from spouts over the hand rails and will have an unleveled ground in the center(not so much that people will trip) for the cleaner to be drained it will be done during several scheduled stops. It will also have an indispensable hand sanitizer by the doors and air filters to clean the subway’s air. • Pros: It insures that the bacteria is eliminated and there will be no need for manual labor. • Cons: It will be very costly to install in every subway and takes away time from the regulated subway schedule 2009

11. Solution one’s Research • Hand sanitizer works because of its high concentration of alcohol. However, it is not suitable for cleaning all types of dirt or soil. How one applies hand sanitizer can also affect its benefits. • Alcohol, quite simply, kills most bacteria, and hand sanitizer contains a high amount of alcohol. When it is rubbed on the hands for about 30 seconds, it really will eliminate many forms of bacteria and also many viruses. It has been proven very effective against some dangerous forms of bacteria, like methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), which can cause the deadly and frightening flesh-eating bacteria. • A person who uses hand sanitizer is also likely to show slower redevelopment of bacteria. We all have some bacteria on our hands at all times. Hand sanitizer tends to slow growth of the bacteria on the hands after appropriate use. It may not be equally effective in preventing all germs, since some viruses are spread through inhalation of the nasal droplets of infected persons, as with the common cold. However, use of hand sanitizer in schools is relatable to a drop in illness rates and better attendance records. • Another reason hand sanitizer may be more effective in some cases than hand washing, is that hand sanitizer is easier and quicker to use. Truly effective hand washing requires warm water, soap, and lathering and scrubbing for about two minutes. Hand sanitizer can be carried in small bottles, and takes about 30 seconds of scrubbing to achieve, in many cases, the same benefits as soap and water. • However, hand sanitizer is not effective for all cleaning needs. Certain bacteria make using hand sanitizer in hospital settings important. However, it cannot effectively clean the hands when they are exposed to blood or fecal 2009

12. Research Continued • Our world is full of germs and bacteria that can be harmful to your body, and they are everywhere. On the furniture you sit on, the clothes you wear, even the air you breath, there is no escaping germs however there are some great ways of fighting them and preventing illness Lysol spray is going to be one of your best weapons. Lysol has been making germ and bacteria fighting products for years and their sprays are the best around, killing 99.9% of germs and preventing the spread of common illness. Lysol spray is advertised at eliminating odors in the air, and I have yet to find anything that does a better job then Lysol. The reason why Lysol is so popular and successful is because it keeps working long after you have sprayed it. Odors don't just disappear or become masked by Lysol's fragrance, but rather they are killed, meaning that the air doesn't just smell better but it's actually cleaner. Lysol spray also works incredibly fast. Once you spray Lysol on any surface it takes effect within 30 seconds. In the air, on furniture, countertops, wherever you have sprayed Lysol it takes effect fighting odors and killing germs in less then 30 seconds.

13. Solution twoSuper-Cool Wave • A cold wave box that will send out waves of cold air throughout the subway car, between stops. It will be in the corners of the ceiling, and under the seats. • It will freeze the bacteria lurking in the car, hand ails and under the seats • Pros: It is affective, easy to install, and quick. • It also reduces the need for air conditions and there is no need for manual labor • Cons: In the winter it will be too cold for passengers and the car needs heat all year round. Also there are some bacterium that have anti-freezing properties 2009

14. Solution two’s Research • The freezing of bacterium to kill them depend on the time and temperature. If you were to drop the temperature of a bacteria A’s environment to -50 degrees C for 1 minuets. It would have a larger possibility of making the inner bacterial plasma to expand and freeze, breaking the cell wall and killing the bacteria. But do be aware of bacterium with ANTI-FREEZING CAPABILITIES!!!!!!!!! • They might stand extreme cold temperatures without dying the anti-freezing protein produced in their genes help delay the freezing of the plasma. 2009

15. Solution 3Anti-Bacterial Paint • The paint will be infused with silver nanoparticles and can be transparent. It may be coated on the actual inside or outside of the car. It can also be painted on the walls of the actual subway station. • Pros: It is very easy and simple(it doesn’t take much skill to apply).It can also be potentially be free if there are advertisements around the subways. • Cons: We aren't sure how long it will last and needed to be reapplied, especially in the moist, warm conditions of the subways. 2009

16. Solution 3’s Research • Using a method similar to how the body breaks down fats, scientists have found a way to inexpensively create silver nanoparticles for use in antibacterial paint • Very soon the manufactures will be able to add the silver nanoparticles to paint that can be used in all places where bacterium are hazardous like hospitals and medical offices • Polyunsaturated hydrocarbons undergo auto-oxidation -included cross linking, which is similar to lipid pre-oxidation, the process by which fatty acids are oxidized in biological systems. During this process a variety of chemically active species called “free radicals” are generated. These were used by the scientists as a tool to prepare metal nanoparticles in situ in the oil medium. • The original latex paint must be removed before applying because the oil and water don’t mix. • The resulted oil-based paint has been shown effective against germs like E. Coli. It will available in any color desired, including clear coatings. 2009

17. The Final Solution • We chose solution 3 because it is the most practical and helps to obtain our goal of the prevention of bacterial infections spreading 2009

18. Works Cited • ZDNet • Wikianswers.com • Our Mentor • Pamela itzkowitch (a working manhattan resident who uses subways often)who helped us come up with the idea • associatedcontent.com • wisegeek.com 2009

19. The Survey • Was our problem stated clearly? • Was our use of technology apparent? • Was our project appealing to the eye? • Were our solutions descriptive and informal? • Do you agree with the solutions we chose? Why or Why not? • Was our contact log sufficient? Circle: Yes/No • Is there anything we can improve on? • Please rate our project a scale of 1-10 • Comments:___________________________________________ 2009

20. The Results 1)Was our problem stated clearly? 13 out of 13 said yes. 2)Was our use of technology apparent? 12 out of 13 said yes. 3) was our project appealing to the eye? 10 out of 13 said yes. 4)Were our solutions descriptive and informative? 13 out of 13 said yes. 5)Do you agree with the solution we chose? 10 out of 13 said yes. 6)Was our contact log sufficient? 12 out of 13 said yes. 7)Is there anything we can improve on? Clearer words(has been done) 8)On a scale of 1-10 class 8A gave us an overall score of 8 Comments: great job but cleaner letters 2009

21. Lessons Learned Throughout this experience we learned many things, although we are native New Yorkers we rarely ride subways, many people depend on them to get to work and we found it unfair that many of these people risk getting sick just to meet their obligations. We learned many new interesting discoveries in science, we all worked well together and are all happy that we can help out our fellow citizens . We hope that we were able to show others that by working together as a team and a little research we can all make a difference in our day to day lives. 2009

22. The End! Thanks for watching!S.o.s. Melanie Candelario, Ari Schiff, Victoria twito, navahzuller Art work & Graphics: victoriatwito Typing: navahzuller Communications: ari Schiff Research: Melanie candelario mentor: siewweichang 2009