1 / 33

Health Occupations

Health Occupations. Muscular System – Unit 2. Muscular Contraction. Occurs through a chain of molecular actions Sliding Filament Theory Muscle cells use glycogen to produce energy used to convert ADP to ATP

anana
Download Presentation

Health Occupations

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Health Occupations Muscular System – Unit 2

  2. Muscular Contraction • Occurs through a chain of molecular actions • Sliding Filament Theory • Muscle cells use glycogen to produce energy used to convert ADP to ATP • Stimulus to contract causes the ATP cycle to combine proteins actin & myosin into actomyosin • Calcium is needed for reaction to work

  3. Sliding Filament Theory Cont. • Lactic acid is produced from glycogen metabolism and is converted to water and carbon dioxide if oxygen is present • If oxygen is in short supply, lactic acid builds up and soreness occurs • Heat is also produced as a byproduct

  4. Oxygen Metabolism Muscle glycogen CO2 + H20 Lactic acid HEAT If lactic acid builds Up = soreness Energy released Energy released ADP – Adenosine diphosphate ATP – adenosine triphosphate Stimulus to contract- Energy from ADP/ATP Cycle, plus Ca++, changes actin + Myosin = Actomyosin Energy released Phosphate Calcium Myosin Actin Muscle contraction Actomyosin

  5. Types of Muscle Contraction • Strength depends on the strength of nerve impulses received from the brain • ALL OR NONE LAW OF SKELETAL MUSCLE CONTRACTION - EACH FIBER CONTRACTS COMPLETELY OR NOT AT ALL! • However, not all muscle contractions are the same

  6. Types of Muscle Contraction • Isotonic contraction • Muscle shortening that produces movement • Isometric contraction • Muscle shortening that does NOT produce movement (like pushing against wall) • Tonus • State of partial contraction that maintains posture • Twitch • Quick, jerky contraction of a whole muscle from one stimulus

  7. Types of Muscle Contraction • Tetanic contraction • More sustained than twitch, caused by many stimuli in rapid succession • Tetany • Continued contraction of a skeletal muscle • Fibrillation • Uncoordinated contraction of muscle fibers • Convulsions • Contractions of groups of muscles in an abnormal manner • Spasms • Involuntary, sudden, & prolonged contractions

  8. Assessment • General inspection • Asymmetry • Deformity • Swelling • Bruising • Systemic movement • Assess for weakness • Reflex • Assess neurological functioning

  9. Assessment cont • Protractor • Measures joint ROM • Blood tests • Measures enzymes indicating muscular damage (esp heart attacks) • Electromyography tests • Tests individual muscles with needles inserted into muscle • Muscle biopsy • Take a slice of muscle to assess for tissue disorders

  10. Disorders of muscle system • Muscle cramp • Sudden involuntary contraction of muscle producing pain • Usually in legs or feet • Causes • Exertion • Unknown • Treatment • Stretching • Gentle pressure

  11. Muscular dystrophy • Group of genetic diseases involving painless, gradual atrophy of muscle tissue • Mild to severe sx • No cure • Treatment • Meds to slow progression • Braces • Corrective surgery • Gene therapy

  12. Fibromyalgia • Group of muscle disorders affecting tendons, ligaments, & fibrous tissues • Pain commonly in neck, shoulders, thorax, lower back, thighs • NO INFLAMMATION • Pain & tenderness after exposure to cold, damp, illness, minor trauma • More common in women • Treatment • Decrease stress • Rest, heat, massage • Therapy to stretch muscles, exercise

  13. Gangrene • Caused by microorganism • Bacteria enter muscle tissue that has died & destroys surrounding living tissue • Extremities most often affected, but may see it occur in gallbladder or intestines • Treatment • Remove dead tissue • Antibiotics • Meds against toxins

  14. Hernia • Abnormal protrusion of a body part into another body area • Common – intestine through abd wall • Results from weak abd muscles • Treatment • Bracing • Surgery • Meds

  15. Myasthenia gravis • Condition in which nerve impulses are not transmitted normally from the brain to the muscles • Unknown cause • Autoimmune disorder • Muscle weakness in different body areas that eventually become severe • Remission may occur • No cure • Treatment – maintain life support

  16. Poliomyelitis • Viral infection resulting in paralysis • No cure • Vaccination prevents • Treatment • Symptom relief

  17. Muscle Sprain • Traumatic injury to tendons, muscles, or ligaments of a joint • Pain & swelling • Treatment • Heat/cold application • Rest • Ultrasound

  18. Pes Panus • Flat foot • Fallen arches • Congenital or weak foot muscles • Causes extreme pain • Treatment • Corrective shoes • Massage • Exercise

  19. Tetanus • Lockjaw • Caused by bacteria • Muscle spasms may be severe & can result in death • No cure but vaccine • Treatment • Prevent complications of muscles spasms • Life support

  20. Trichinosis • Parasitic infection caused by eating undercooked pork • Parasites form cysts in muscle tissues • Diaphragm • Chest muscles • Pain, tenderness, fatigue • Can be fatal if it affects the brain or heart

  21. Body Mechanics • Careful & efficient use of body • Good posture • Balance • Using strongest & largest muscles for work • Prevents fatigue, muscle strain, & injury

  22. Body Mechanics • Posture – body alignment • Lets the body move & function with support & efficiency • Base of support – • Area on which a body rests • Good base of support needed for balance • Feet are base of support when standing

  23. Good body mechanics • Use strongest & largest muscles whenever possible • Shoulders • Upper arms • Hips • thighs • Bend knees & squat to lift heavy objects • Do not bend from waist • Hold items close to your body & base of support • Avoid unnecessary bending & lifting

  24. Good body mechanics • Do your work at waist level • Push, slide, or pull heavy objects rather than lifting them • Widen base of support when pushing or pulling • Move front leg forward when pushing • Move rear leg back when pulling • Turn entire body when changing direction of movement

  25. Good body mechanics • Avoid sudden or jerky movements, work with smooth & even movements • Get help from co-workers • Don’t lift objects higher than chest level

  26. Positioning • Proper positioning is important • Promotes comfort & wellbeing • Improves breathing & circulation • Prevents complications • Pressure ulcers • Contractures

  27. Fowler’s position • HOB 45 – 60 degrees • Keep spine straight • Support head & arms with pillows

  28. Supine position • Back-lying position with flat bed • Head & shoulders supported with pillows • Arms/hands at sides, may support hands on small pillows with palms down

  29. Prone position • Lying on abd with head turned to one side • Pillow under head, abd, lower legs • Arms flexed at elbow with hands near head • Feet can hang over mattress, then don’t need a pillow under lower legs

  30. Lateral or Side-lying position • Pillow under head & neck • Upper leg in front of lower leg & supported with pillows • Small pillow under upper hand & arm • Pillow behind back

  31. Sim’s position • Left side-lying position with upper leg sharply flexed so it is not on the lower leg • Lower arm behind patient • Pillows under head & shoulder, upper leg, upper arm & hand

More Related