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Lung Volumes and Capacities

Lung Volumes and Capacities. The total volume contained in the lung at the end of a maximal inspiration is subdivided into volumes and subdivided into capacities. There are 4 volume subdivisions. They do not overlap They can not be further divided When added together equal total lung capacity.

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Lung Volumes and Capacities

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  1. Lung Volumes and Capacities • The total volume contained in the lung at the end of a maximal inspiration is subdivided into volumes and subdivided into capacities.

  2. There are 4 volume subdivisions • They do not overlap • They can not be further divided • When added together equal total lung capacity

  3. Lung Capacities • Are subdivisions of the total volume that include two or more of the 4 basic lung volumes

  4. Basic Lung Volumes • Tidal Volume: TV • The amount of gas inspired or expired with each normal breath. • About 500 ml

  5. Basic Lung Volumes • Inspiratory Reserve Volume: IRV • Maximum amount of additional air that can be inspired from the end of a normal inspiration.

  6. Basic Lung Volumes • Expiratory Reserve Volume: ERV • The maximum volume of additional air that can be expired from the end of a normal expiration.

  7. Basic Lung Volumes • Residual Volume: RV • The volume of air remaining in the lung after a maximal expiration. This is the only lung volume which cannot be measured with a spirometer. • Gas dilution tech • nitrogen • helium • Body Plethysmograph

  8. Lung Capacities • Total Lung Capacity: TLC • The volume of air contained in the lungs at the end of a maximal inspiration. • Called a capacity because it is the sum of the 4 basic lung volumes • TLC= RV+IRV+TV+ERV

  9. Lung Capacities • Vital Capacity: VC • The maximum volume of air that can be forcefully expelled from the lungs following a maximal inspiration. • Called a capacity because it is the sum of inspiratory reserve volume, tidal volume and expiratory reserve volume. • VC= IRV+TV+ERV = TLC - RV

  10. Lung Capacities • Functional Residual Capacity: FRC • The volume of air remaining in the lung at the end of a normal expiration. • Called a capacity because it equal residual volume plus expiratory reserve volume. • FRC= RV+ERV

  11. Lung Capacities • Inspiratory Capacity: IC • Maximum volume of air that can be inspired from end expiratory position. • Called a capacity because it is the sum of tidal volume and inspiratory reserve volume. • This capacity is of less clinical significance than the other three. • IC= TV+IRV

  12. Respiratory Diseases • Restrictive Disease: • Makes it more difficult to get air in to the lungs. • They “restrict” inspiration. • Decreased VC; Decreased TLC, RV, FRC • Includes: • Fibrosis • Sarcoidosis • Muscular diseases • Chest wall deformities

  13. Respiratory Diseases • Obstructive Disease • Make it more difficult to get air out of the lungs. • Decrease VC; Increased TLC, RV, and FRC • Includes: • Emphysema • Chronic bronchitis • Asthma

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