Matter & Energy Ch. 13

1. Matter & EnergyCh. 13

2. Solid • Have a definite shape and volume • Particles have strong attractive force, but still vibrate

3. Liquid • Have a definite volume but not a definite shape • Particles move fast enough to overcome forces of attraction.

4. Gas • Does NOT have definite volume or shape • Particles moves fast enough to break away from each other

5. Plasma • Does NOT have a definite shape or volume • Particle are broken apart (electrons have been stripped off) • Conduct electric current • Examples?

6. Particle Speed : Kinetic Energy : Thermal Energy Particle Amount : Thermal Energy Energy Definition: The ability to change or move matter, or the capacity to do work • Thermal Energy – the total kinetic energy of the particles that make up that object Temperature is a measure of kinetic energy

7. Energy & Change of State

8. Changes of State Same Temp. • Melting point – Temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid • Freezing point – Temperature at which a liquid changes to a solid • Boiling point – Temperature at which a liquid changes to a gas • Condensation point – Temperature at which a gas changes to a liquid Same Temp.

9. Energy & Change of State Reactions/Changes can be: • Endothermic – requires energy or • Exothermic – produces energy

10. Melting Vaporization Freezing Condensation Phase Changes Solid Gas Liquid

11. Sublimation Vaporization Deposition Melting Solid Gas Liquid Freezing Condensation

12. Energy and Phase Change • Heat/enthalpy of fusion energy required to change one gram of a substance from solid to liquid or released when changing from liquid to solid. • For water 80 cal/g

13. Energy and Phase Change • Heat/enthalpy of vaporization energy required to change one gram of a substance from liquid to gas or released when one gram of a substance changes from gas to liquid. • For water 540 cal/g

14. Heating Curve for Water 120 Steam Water and Steam 100 80 60 Water 40 20 Water and Ice 0 Ice -20 40 120 0 220 760 800 Temp.(C) Energy (calorie)

15. Heating Curve for Water 120 Steam Water and Steam 100 80 60 Water 40 20 Water and Ice 0 Ice -20 40 120 0 220 760 800 Ice and Water

16. Heating Curve for Water 120 Steam Water and Steam 100 80 60 Water 40 20 Water and Ice 0 Ice -20 40 120 0 220 760 800 Both Water and Steam

17. Heating Curve for Water 120 Steam Water and Steam 100 80 60 Water 40 20 Water and Ice 0 Ice -20 40 120 0 220 760 800 Heat of Vaporization Heat of Fusion

18. Heating Curve for Water 120 Steam Water and Steam 100 80 60 Water 40 20 Water and Ice 0 Ice -20 40 120 0 220 760 800 Steam Water Slope = Specific Heat Ice

19. Calcualting EnergyHeat = Energy = Q • Three equations • Heat (Q)= specific heat x mass x DT • Heat (Q)= heat of fusion x mass • Heat (Q)= heat of vaporization x mass

20. Numbers to KnowS.H.= specific heat • For ice S.H. = 2.05 J/g°C • For water S.H = 4.186 J/g°C • For steam S.H. = 0.50 cal/g°C • Heat of vaporization= 540 cal/g • Heat of fusion = 80 cal/g • 1 cal=4.184 J

21. How to do Calculate • The total heat = the sum of all the heats you have to use • Go in order Melt Ice Heat Water Boil Water Heat Steam Heat Ice + + + + Below 0°C At 0°C 0°C - 100°C At 100°C Above 100°C

22. Examples • How much heat does it take to heat 12 g of ice at -6°C to 25°C water? • How much heat does it take to heat 35 g of ice at 0 °C to steam at 150 °C?

23. HW Quiz • Identify the state of matter: • Particles vibrate but are locked in place b. c. • How does temperature relate to a particle’s kinetic energy • Energy is ___________ (absorbed or released) as solid ice turns to liquid • The process that refers to water vapor returning to liquid form.

24. Briefly explain how a liquid thermometer measures temperature. • In the graph below, what “point” is represented by the letter A. (Hint: there are two possible answers). Energy change of water A • A reaction is considered to be __________ (endothermic or exothermic) if energy is released.

25. Changes of State