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Atomic Structure

Atomic Structure. The Atom. Smallest whole particle of matter Mostly empty space Always neutral. Atom is Neutral. # of protons is the same as the number of electrons Protons = + Electrons = -. Areas of an Atom. The Nucleus Center Protons & Neutrons Positively charged. Areas con’t.

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Atomic Structure

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  1. Atomic Structure

  2. The Atom • Smallest whole particle of matter • Mostly empty space • Always neutral

  3. Atom is Neutral • # of protons is the same as the number of electrons • Protons = + • Electrons = -

  4. Areas of an Atom • The Nucleus • Center • Protons & Neutrons • Positively charged

  5. Areas con’t. • Orbits or Shells • Moving electrons • Cloudlike • Negatively charged

  6. The Subatomic Particles • Proton • Charge = +1 • Mass = 1 amu • Abbreviation = p+ • # protons = atomic number

  7. The Subatomic Particles • Neutron • No charge • Mass = 1 amu • Abbreviation = n

  8. The Subatomic Particles • Electron • Charge = -1 • Mass = .0005amu • Abbreviation = e-

  9. The Subatomic Particles

  10. Terms • Atomic number = # protons • Ex: carbon = 6, Boron = 5 • Mass number = # protons + # neutrons

  11. Mass # Atomic # Isotopes • Atoms of the same element with different mass numbers. • Nuclear symbol: • Hyphen notation: carbon-12 Courtesy Christy Johannesson www.nisd.net/communicationsarts/pages/chem

  12. Information on the PT

  13. Calculating Particles 11 Na 22.989 Atomic # = 11 Atomic Mass = 22.989

  14. Calculating Particles 11 Na 22.989 11 protons (atomic #) 11 electrons (same as p+) 12 neutrons (mass #)

  15. Making Ions • Add or remove e- • Remove = cation (+) • Add = anion (-)

  16. Stable Atoms • Have 8 e- in the outermost orbit • The noble gases

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