Timeline

1. Timeline Holocaust

2. Long before Jews came to Europe, they lived in the Jewish kingdom of Judea, now part of Israel.

3. 70 A.D. The Roman army conquered and destroyed Jerusalem, the capital of Judea. Tens of thousands Jews were murdered or enslaved.

4. 300 A.D. St. John Chrysostom accused the Jews of being less human. He wrote, “Jews sacrifice their children to Satan” (Surridge).

5. 1096 The First Crusade began. The Crusades were a series of Holy Wars that Christians waged against Jerusalem trying to take it back from the Turks. During this time, anti-Semitic crusaders murdered thousands of Jews.

6. 1300s Many Christians blamed the Jews for the Black Death, an epidemic that swept through Europe.

7. 1600s For 300 years, life was peaceful for the Jews. Many settled in Poland during that time. In the mid-1600s, Poland weakened and disorder began. When that happened the Jews were the first to suffer.

8. Anti-Semitism:Protocols of the Elders of ZionFirst written 1897/1899 – still published in revised formats The Secrets of the Wise Men of Zion, Germany, 1920 The International Jew, Michigan, 1920. Translated into 16 languages. Sold 500,000 copies.

9. What was the Versailles Treaty? The treaty officially ended military actions against Germany in World War I. The treaty was signed at the Palace of Versailles, near Paris, on June 28, 1919, and went into effect on Jan. 10, 1920. Actual combat had ended when Germany accepted an armistice on Nov. 11, 1918. The treaty provided an official peace between Germany and nearly all the 32 victorious Allied and associated nations, including France, Italy, Japan, and the United Kingdom.

10. The Versailles Treaty • The Versailles was a treaty that was established on June 28, 1919 that ended WWI signed by Germany and its allies (France, Britain ,Russia, and Italy) • Hitler (a WWI solider) was not so happy about this treaty he said that it brought shame to Germany because he felt like Germany was to blame for the whole thing . Later Hitler went into politics and became the leader of Germany . • In June 1935, the United Kingdom effectively withdrew from the treaty with the signing of the Anglo-German Naval Agreement.

11. When did Hitler declare the Versailles Treaty over? • In 1939 Adolf Hitler declared the end of the Versailles Treaty there after Germany invaded Poland.

12. Rise of the Nazi Party:1933 - Adolf Hitler appointed Chancellor of Germany A girl reaches out to Adolf Hitler as he leaves the building site of the House of German Art in Munich. 1933-1934.

13. Nazi Ideology “Our starting point is not the individual, and we do not subscribe to the view that one should feed the hungry, give drink to the thirsty or clothe the naked… Our objectives are entirely different: We must have a healthy people in order to prevail in the world.” -Joseph Goebbels, Nazi Minister of Propaganda, at a 1938 Nazi Party Rally

14. Hitler came to power in 1933 in Germany, Hitler said all "Juden" (Jews) were vile, horrible people and they were the reason the Germans were in such hardship. He said that the Jews manipulated the US. He told everyone they would have a better life if they got rid of all the sub-humans. He told the Germans they were the pinnacle of the earth. When did Hitler come to power and what was his message?

15. Nazi Propaganda:“If you tell a lie big enough and keep repeating it, people will eventually come to believe it.”– Joseph Goebbels, Minister of Propaganda Joseph Goebbels, Nazi Minister of Propaganda. Berlin, Germany, 1933. Cover of children’s book – Poisonous Mushroom

16. When was the first extermination camp opened? The first camp opened in 1940 in OBwiecim, Poland. Victims sorting shoes in concentration camps. A mass grave.

17. When was the first extermination camp opened? And where was it located? • The first extermination camp was opened in 1940 and it was located in Europe

18. When was the Auschwitz concentration camp established? • It was established in 1939. The purpose was to kill people of all ages. Small children in concentration camps. A mass execution.

19. Questions!!!When were the Nuremberg laws passed???What was the purpose of these laws??? Answers!!! The Nuremburg laws were passed in 1935. Both laws limited the rights of Jewish people and sought to keep Jews separate from other residents of Germany.

20. Nuremberg Laws1935 • Stripped Jews of German citizenship • Jews cannot vote • Jews cannot hold public office • Marriages between Jews and non-Jews outlawed • Jews cannot employ German women • Jews defined as “a person with two Jewish parents, or three or four Jewish grandparents.” Austria 1938 – A woman sits on a bench marked “Jews Only.”

21. 1936 When were the Olympic games held in Berlin? I believe he thought that the Olympics would demonstrate the truth of his assertion that the "Aryan" race was superior to all others. Jesse Owens, the great African American track athlete, blew that hope to bits with his stunning win of a gold medal. What hopes did Hitler have for the Olympics that year?

22. What was the topic of discussion at the International conference in Evian, France in 1938? • Since the Nazis aimed to make Germany “cleansed of Jews” by making life so difficult for them that they would be forced to leave the country. • The topic of discussion was about deciding to let Jewish refugees in the United States, Britain, and other countries.

23. International Conference in Evian France in 1938 During the nine-day meeting, delegate after delegate rose to express sympathy for the refugees. But most countries, including the United States and Britain, offered excuses for not letting in more refugees. Responding to Evian, the German government was able to state with great pleasure how "astounding" it was that foreign countries criticized Germany for their treatment of the Jews, but none of them wanted to open the doors to them when "the opportunity offer[ed].

24. What was the outcome of the conference? • Most countries, including the United States and Britain, offered excuses for not letting in more refugees. • Responding to Evian, the German government was able to state with great pleasure how "astounding" it was that foreign countries criticized Germany for their treatment of the Jews, but none of them wanted to open the doors to them when "the opportunity offered."

25. WORLD WAR II • The war all started on September 1, 1939. There were four major events that triggered the World War II . The first event was to give Germans lebensraum . The second one was that he thought Chamberlain would dare not stop him. The third reason is that to defend Germans in Poland.. The fourth reason is that to overturn the treaty of Versailles.

26. What happened on Kristallnacht (“Night of Broken Glass”)? Why? As the Nazi mobs shattered the glass in Jewish homes and stores, they also shattered the last bit of hope that Jews had for a future in Germany (The Holocaust, page 31). Because the Nazis came to power in 1933 (The Holocaust, page 31).

27. Kristallnacht – “Night of Broken Glass”November 9-10, 1938 Synagogue burning during Kristallnacht. Frankfurt am Main, Germany. Jewish owned shop destroyed during Kristallnacht. Berlin.

28. Identification of Jews Holland Germany Czechoslovakia Belgium

29. Kindertransport1938-1940

30. Warsaw Ghetto EstablishedOct-Nov 1940 Woman selling armbands in the Warsaw Ghetto. 1940.

31. Ghettos

32. When were the ghettos first established? What was their purpose? Where were they? • The first ghetto was established in Piotrków Trybunalski, Poland. October 8, 1939. • The purpose of the ghettos were to make the Jews suffer before they were killed and to keep them in a place where the Nazis could keep track of them and the Jews could not escape.

33. When did the Nazis begin their “euthanasia program”? What was the program? When did the Nazis begin to deport Jews to extermination camps? Where did they go? Between May and September 1941. In the Nazi context "euthanasia" represented a euphemistic term for a clandestine murder program which targeted for systematic killing mentally and physically disabled patients living in institutional settings in Germany and German-annexed territories (Holocaust Encyclopedia). August 28th, 1942 (The Holocaust, page 52). Auschwitz, it was the largest of the death camps (The Holocaust, page 52).

34. Germany invades PolandSept. 1, 1939

35. WORLD WAR II The war all started on September 1, 1939. There were four major events that triggered the World War II . The first event was to give Germans lebensraum . The second one was that he thought Chamberlain would dare not stop him. The third reason is that to defend Germans in Poland.. The fourth reason is that to overturn the treaty of Versailles.

36. Nazis begin to deport Jews from Germany in 1940 to Poland • They moved the Jews by trains, boats and trucks • By ginger

37. The car they kept the Jews in where cattle carsthe conditions where horrendous the cars where dirty and packed dark damp and cold Many Jews did not survive the trip.

38. When was Auschwitz concentration camp establised?What was its purpose? • Auschwitz concentration camp was established on May 26th, 1940. Auschwitz was the largest of its kind. An estimate of 1.5 million victims died of the homicidal gassings. Auschwitz is where the gassing took place. Its four largest gas chambers can hold up to 2,000 people at a time. The purpose for Auschwitz was to incarcerate real and perceived enemies of the Nazis for a indefinite period of time.

39. ’Arbeit Macht Frei’ meant ‘Work Will Free You’ which was at the front of mostly every concentration camp. The Auschwitz gate never left to freedom. It always lead to death. The purpose of the crematorium was to burn the millions of bodies slaughtered in Auschwitz. & the gas chamber on the right was to kill the prisoners. To prevent the panic, the Nazi’s told them they were taking a shower. The disguised showerheads would has the prisoners to death.

40. What happened to Jews Babi Yar? When did this happen? It happened on September 29 and 30 of 1941. The Nazis murdered about 34,000 Jews at Babi Yar. The German army posted notices ordering the Jews to report for new settlement. The Nazis shot the Jews and then burned the bodies to ashes.

41. Babi Yar • On Sept. 29th and 30th of 1941, approximately 34,000 Jews lined up at the edge of the ravine in small groups. They then were ordered by SS squads to strip naked. After this they were machine gunned into the ravine. On September 30th the operation ended and the bodies were covered in rocks and dirt.

42. What was the Warsaw ghetto uprising?When did it start?When did it end? • April 1942, in the Warsaw Ghetto first heard of the death camps. • Warsaw Ghetto Uprising serves as an example of finding courage and strength people can find in the worst of times • It started late October 1943 • It ended May 16 1943

43. Warsaw Ghetto UprisingApril – May 1943 German soldiers direct artillery at a pocket of resistance during the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising.

44. Wannsee ConferenceJan 1942 Jewish children deported from the Lodz Ghetto, Poland. 1942. Jews in the Warsaw Ghetto rounded up for deportation. 1942.

45. Anne Frank and her family go into hiding (in the “Secret Annex”)July 6, 1942 Anne Frank, Netherlands, 1941. House where Anne and her family were hidden. Amsterdam.

46. Anne Frank arrested- Aug. 4, 1944 Westerbork transit camp • Auschwitz • Bergen-Belsen

47. Other Victims Jehovah’s Witnesses, Handicapped, Roma/Sinti, Poles, Homosexuals Romani (Gypsies) deported from Vienna, Austria to Poland. 1939.

48. Rescue & Resistance Estimated that ½ of 1% (.005) of the non-Jewish population under Nazi occupation helped to rescue Jewish people. Peter M., from Amsterdam, survived the Holocaust with the help of a Dutch family and their farm. Here he shows the cave in back of the farm in which he and his mother often hid. 1993.

49. Death Camps Established in Poland1941 - 1942 • Chelmno • Belzec • Sobibor • Majdanek • Treblinka • Auschwitz-Birkenau Thomas Blatt’s bowl from Sobibor.

50. Final solution • The last thing Hitler demanded his troops, he ordered all of his soldiers to eliminate all the Jews, he said to kill the most of them they could and show no mercy until the soldier was dead, he said to do this because he knew that the other apposing country's were close to finding and killing him. The final solution was put in act in 1944..