1 / 49

Class 8: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto

Class 8: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto. Class 8: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto. Class Updates • Reading: 23.2, 23.4-23.6 • Midterm 2: April 18th . Today’s topics: Jupiter & Saturn Jupiter: Internal structure, magnetic field atmosphere, moons

amato
Download Presentation

Class 8: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Class 8: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto

  2. Class 8: Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto Class Updates • Reading: 23.2, 23.4-23.6 • Midterm 2: April 18th • Today’s topics: Jupiter & Saturn • Jupiter: Internal structure, magnetic field • atmosphere, moons • • Saturn: Exploration, internal structure, • rings • The other guys: Uranus, Neptune, Pluto

  3. Jupiter: A Global Perspective mostly H2 Differences Earth Jupiter • Size (radius) 6378 km 11x Earth • Mass 6x1024 kg 317x Earth • Density 5.5 g/cm31/4 of Earth • Atmosphere 78% N2 21% O286% H2 14% He • Surface temperature 20°C -120°C • Rotation 1 day 2/5 of Earth • Orbit 1 yr 11.9 yrs • Plate tectonics yes no • Tectonism, volcanism yes no • Liquid water yes no

  4. Exploration of Jupiter • Pioneer 10 & 11 fly-bys 1974/75 US • Voyager 1 & 2 fly-bys 1979 US • Galileo fly-by 1995-2003 US probe • Cassini fly-by 2004 US/Europe Voyager 2 Cassini Pioneer 10 Galileo

  5. Jupiter’s Internal Structure (1) ~12,000 km (2) 30,000 °C (3) core 60,000 km

  6. Molecular & Metallic Hydrogen Electron (-1) Nucleus: Proton (+1) Neutron (0)

  7. Magnetic Field Generation? Earth Jupiter rocky core molecular hydrogen liquid metallic hydrogen

  8. Jupiter’s Magnetic Field artist’s rendition

  9. Jupiter’s Atmosphere Voyager 1 cool warm Voyager 2

  10. The Great Red Spot

  11. 2006: New “Junior” Red Spot

  12. Voyager 1 (pseudo color) Halo Ring (inner-most) Jupiter’s Rings

  13. Jupiter & moons (backyard telescope) 1,000,000 miles Jupiter’s Moons

  14. Jupiter’s Moons: 65 & counting……..

  15. Saturn

  16. Saturn: A Global Perspective Differences Earth Saturn • Size (radius) 6378 km 9x Earth mostly H2 • Mass 6x1024 kg 95x Earth • Density 5.5 g/cm3 0.70 g/cm3 • Atmosphere 78%N2 21%O2 90%H2 10%He • Surface temperature 20°C -180°C • Rotation 1 day 1/2 of Earth • Plate tectonics yes no • Tectonism, volcanism yes no • Liquid water yes no

  17. Exploration of Saturn • Voyager 1 & 2 fly-bys 1979 US • Cassini-Huygens orbiter (Saturn) 2004 US/Europe probe (Titan) 2005 Voyager 2 Cassini Huygens Probe

  18. Cassini Observations

  19. • Layer 1: molecular hydrogen • Layer 2: metallic hydrogen • Layer 3: water, methane, ammonia • Core: heavy-elements(?) (1) (2) 30,000 km (3) core Saturn’s Internal Structure (I)

  20. • less dense than Jupiter Water: 1.0 Jupiter: 1.3 Saturn’s Internal Structure (II) Saturn: 0.70 g/cm3 molecular H metallic H core

  21. Saturn’s Rings

  22. Saturn’s Rings Characteristics

  23. Saturn’s Moons Epimetheus Titan Rhea Dione Mimas Tethys Enceladus Iapetus

  24. Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto

  25. Solar System Distances *Planets not to scale Distances not to scale

  26. Differences Earth Uranus • Size (radius) 6378 km 4x Earth • Mass 6x1024 kg145 Earth • Density 5.5 g/cm3 1.3 g/cm3 • Atmosphere 78%N2 21%O284%H14%He2%CH4 (methane) • Surface temperature 20°C -200°C • Rotation 1 day -17.9 hours Uranus: A Global Perspective • Orbit 365 days 84.01 years • Satellites 1 27

  27. Exploring Uranus Herschel Uranus moons Voyager 2 Hubble Space Telescope

  28. Uranus’s Interior (1) (2) core METHANE

  29. 23.5° 98 ° Earth Uranus Axis of Rotation

  30. rotation axis Atmosphere & Magnetic Field ultraviolet magnetic axis visible 58°

  31. dust bands The Rings of Uranus

  32. The Moons of Uranus Oberon (2nd largest) Total: 27 Titania (largest) r ≈ 789 km Umbriel Miranda Puck Ariel

  33. Differences Earth Neptune • Size (radius) 6378 km 3.9x Earth • Mass 6x1024 kg171 Earth • Density 5.5 g/cm3 1.6 g/cm3 • Atmosphere 78%N2 21%O284%H14%He2%CH4 (methane) • Surface temperature 20°C -210°C • Rotation 1 day 16 hours • Orbit 365 days 165 years • Satellites 1 11 Neptune: A Global Perspective

  34. Exploring Neptune Adams Le Verrier Galle Voyager 2

  35. Neptune’s Interior (1) H, He, CH4 (2) H2O, CH4, NH3 core

  36. Neptune clouds Scooter Neptune’s Atmosphere & Clouds

  37. Voyager 2 GDS changes The Great Dark Spot Voyager 2 Voyager 2

  38. Triton Neptune’s Rings & Moons faint rings

  39. A Parting Look

  40. Pluto: A Global Perspective Similarities Earth Pluto • Moon 1 - Moon 1 - Charon Differences • Size (radius) 6378 km0.2x Earth • Mass 6x1024 kg 0.002x Earth • Density 5.5 g/cm3 0.4x Earth • Atmosphere 78% N2 21% O2probably N2, thin • Surface temperature 20°C -220°C • Rotation 1 day 6.4 days • Orbit 365 days 248 years

  41. Photo 1 Photo 2 planetary symbol Exploring Pluto Tombaugh, Lowell Observatory Charon

  42. Pluto’s Elliptical Orbit

  43. Pluto: Is it a planet?

  44. Real Planets & Dwarf Planets Ceres Pluto Eris

  45. Pluto’s Size & Interior core

  46. 112° Pluto - Charon System

  47. Pluto and Charon from Hubble Bright/dark regions: differences in methane/nitrogen frost cover

  48. New Horizons Mission

More Related