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Behavior of Ferromagnetic Materials

Behavior of Ferromagnetic Materials. Saturation and Hysteresis. Ferromagnetic Material. A material whose permeability is very much larger than 1 (from 60 to several thousand times ), and which exhibits hysteresis phenomena

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Behavior of Ferromagnetic Materials

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  1. Behavior of Ferromagnetic Materials Saturation and Hysteresis

  2. Ferromagnetic Material • A material whose permeability is very much larger than 1 (from 60 to several thousand times ), and which exhibits hysteresis phenomena • Material that acquires strong magnetism when placed in an external magnetic field. Examples are iron, cobalt, nickel, and their alloys.

  3. MMF (DC ) Vs Flux Curve • If MMF (Ni) is increased flux also increases • There comes a stage when increase in MMF does not produce corresponding increase in flux • The plot above is known as “Magnetization curve” of the core

  4. Saturation Saturation Region Unsaturated region

  5. B-H Curve

  6. B-H Curve and Permeability (µ) Permeability is the slope of the “Magnetization curve” Constant permeability Low and unstable permeability

  7. MMF (AC ) Vs Flux Curve φ F

  8. Hysteresis Loop

  9. Magnetic Domains (Reason for hysteresis) • Within the metals there are very small regions called domains • In each domain atoms are aligned, with their magnetic fields pointing in the same direction (acting like a small magnet) • These tiny domains are oriented randomly in the metal • When external fields are applied, energy is required to align these domains in the direction of the main field • These energy losses are called hysteresis losses (core losses) • When all the domain have been aligned, the stage is called saturation

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