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Divisions of nervous system

Divisions of nervous system. Part 2. Spinal Cord. Functions: Centre for many reflex actions Provides a means of communication between brain and the spinal nerves which leave the spinal cord. Spinal cord structure. Contains interneurons Axons of sensory neurons Dendrites of motor neurons

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Divisions of nervous system

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  1. Divisions of nervous system Part 2

  2. Spinal Cord • Functions: • Centre for many reflex actions • Provides a means of communication between brain and the spinal nerves which leave the spinal cord

  3. Spinal cord structure Contains interneurons Axons of sensory neurons Dendrites of motor neurons Contains both myelinated and unmyelinated nerve fibres (white and grey matter)

  4. The Brain Conscious brain: cerebrum – forebrain Responsible for speech, reasoning, memory and personality Divided into 2 hemispheres: right and left Each half contains 4 lobes

  5. Frontal lobe Motor control of skeletal muscles Concentration, problem solving, judgement

  6. Parietal Sensory recognition of temperature, touch, pain from body surface Understanding of language Using speech

  7. Temporal Sensory recognition of smell and hearing Memory of visual scenes, music, etc.

  8. Occipital Sensory area for sight Combining visual images with past experiences

  9. Two side of brain The two sides of the brain control motor functions for opposite sides of the body (ie. Right hemisphere controls left side of body) Evidenced by people who have had strokes Both sides are connected by the corpus callosum Cutting corpus callosum can control seizures in epileptics but lose left-right control

  10. Unconscious brain: everything below cerebrum • Thalamus: • Highest part of brain before cerebrum • Receives sensory input from all parts of the body (except smell) • Sorts out incoming stimuli and sends then to the brain (appropriate regions of) • “gatekeeper”

  11. Hypothalamus Below thalamus Important for homeostasis Controls hunger, sleep, thirst, etc. Controls pituitary gland Neuroendocrine control centre Body temperature Regulates autonomic nervous system

  12. Cerebellum Second largest portion of brain Coordinates muscle movements Maintains balance with help from inner ear Maintains muscle tone posture

  13. Pons Relay station that passes info between cerebellum and medulla oblongota

  14. Medulla oblongota Closest to spinal cord Controls heartbeat, breathing and vasoconstriction (blood pressure) Reflex controls for vomiting, coughing, sneezing and swallowing Also regulates autonomic NS

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