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URINARY SYSTEM 6:12

URINARY SYSTEM 6:12. URINARY SYSTEM. AKA EXCRETORY SYSTEM REMOVES CERTAIN WASTES AND EXCESS WATER FROM BODY MAINTAINS ACID-BASE BALANCE. 2 KIDNEYS 2 URETERS. BLADDER URETHRA. URINARY STRUCTURES. K IDNEYS. 2 BEAN-SHAPED ORGANS. KIDNEYS. LOCATION: BESIDE VERTEBRAL COLUMN

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URINARY SYSTEM 6:12

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  1. URINARYSYSTEM6:12

  2. URINARY SYSTEM • AKA EXCRETORY SYSTEM • REMOVES CERTAIN WASTES AND EXCESS WATER FROM BODY • MAINTAINS ACID-BASE BALANCE

  3. 2 KIDNEYS 2 URETERS BLADDER URETHRA URINARY STRUCTURES

  4. KIDNEYS 2 BEAN-SHAPED ORGANS

  5. KIDNEYS LOCATION: BESIDE VERTEBRAL COLUMN BEHIND ABDOMINAL CAVITY IN PERITONEUM

  6. KIDNEYS • PROTECTED BY RIBS AND CUSHION OF FAT • HELD IN POSITION BY CONNECTIVE TISSUE • ENCLOSED IN ADIPOSE CAPSULE • COVERED BY RENAL FASCIA OR FIBROUS CAPSULE

  7. KIDNEYS • DIVIDED INTO 2 MAIN SECTIONS MEDULLA CORTEX

  8. CORTEX • OUTER SECTION OF KIDNEY • CONTAINS MOST OF THE NEPHRONS (WHICH AID IN PRODUCTION OF URINE)

  9. MEDULLA • INNER SECTION OF KIDNEY • CONTAINS MOST OF THE COLLECTING TUBULES (WHICH CARRY THE URINE FROM THE NEPHRONS THROUGH THE KIDNEYS)

  10. NEPHRONS • MICROSCOPIC FILTERING UNITS IN THE KIDNEYS • OVER ONE MILLION PER KIDNEY

  11. NEPHRONS • CONSISTS OF: GLOMERULUS BOWMAN’S CAPSULE PROXIMAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE DISTAL CONVOLUTED TUBULE COLLECTING DUCT

  12. RENAL ARTERIES • CARRY BLOOD TO KIDNEYS • BRANCHES PASS THROUGH THE MEDULLA TO CORTEX WHERE BLOOD ENTERS THE GLOMERULUS

  13. GLOMERULUS • A CLUSTER OF CAPILLARIES • FILTERS FROM THE BLOOD: WATER, SALT, SUGAR, METABOLIC PRODUCTS AND OTHER SUBSTANCES • DOES NOT FILTER PROTEIN AND RBC • SUBSTANCES FILTERED OUT ENTER BOWMAN’S CAPSULE

  14. BOWMAN’S CAPSULE • A C-SHAPED STRUCTURE • SURROUNDS GLOMERULUS • IS THE START OF THE CONVOLUTED TUBULE • PASSES THE FILTERED MATERIALS INTO THE CONVOLUTED TUBLE

  15. TUBULES • FILTERED SUBSTANCES NEEDED BY THE BODY ARE REABSORBED AND RETURNED TO THE BLOOD CAPILLARIES • MOST OF THE SUGAR, WATER AND SALTS ARE REABSORBED • UREA, URIC ACID AND CREATININE REMAIN IN THE TUBULES

  16. URINE • MADE UP OF OF A CONCENTRATED LIQUID OR UREA, URIC ACID, CREATININE, MINERAL SALTS, PIGMENTS AND 95% WATER • LIQUID WASTE PRODUCT PRODUCED BY URINARY SYSTEM • PRESENCE OF SUGAR USUALLY INDICATES DISEASE

  17. URINE • ABOUT 1500 TO 2000CC (1 1/2 - 2 QTS) PRODUCED DAILY • 150 QUARTS OF LIQUID FILTERED THROUGHT KIDNESY DAILY • FROM BOWMAN’S CAPSULE URINE ENTERS COLLECTING DUCTS OR TUBULES LOCATED IN MEDULLA

  18. COLLECTING DUCTS • LOCATED IN MEDULLA • AKA TUBULES • EMPTY INTO THE RENAL BASIN OR PELVIS (WHICH IS FIRST PORTION OF URETER)

  19. URETERS • TWO MUSCULAR TUBES • 10 - 12 INCHES LONG • EXTENDS FROM RENAL PELVIS TO BLADDER • PERISTALSIS MOVES URINE

  20. BLADDER • HOLLOW MUSCULAR SAC • LOCATED BEHIND SYMPHYSIS PUBIS • MIDLINE IN PELVIC CAVITY • LINED WITH MUSCOUS MEMBRANE

  21. BLADDER • MUCOUS MEMBRANE ARRANGED IN FOLDS CALLED RUGAE • RUGAE DISAPPEARS AS BLADDER EXPANDS

  22. BLADDER • THE WALL OF THE BLADDER IS MADE OF THREE LAYERS OF SMOOTH MUSCLE (VISCERAL) • URGE TO VOID OR URINATE BEGINS WHEN BLADDER CONTAINS ABOUT 250CC (1 CUP) • MICTURATE IS TERM MEANING TO URINATE

  23. BLADDER FUNCTIONS • RECEIVES URINE FROM URETERS • STORES URINE UNTIL EXPELLED FROM BODY

  24. BLADDER MUSCLES • CIRCULAR SPHINCTER MUSCLES CONTROL BLADDER OPENING TO PREVENT EMPTYING • WHEN BLADDER IS FULL, RECEPTORS IN WALL SEND MESSAGE TO BRAIN • BRAIN SENDS MESSAGE TO RELAX SPHINCTER

  25. URETHRA • TUBE THAT CARRIES URINE FROM BLADDER TO OUTSIDE • EXTERNAL OPENING CALLED URINARY MEATUS • DIFFERENT IN MALE AND FEMALE

  26. FEMALES: URETHRA ABOUT 1 1/2” LONG • OPENS IN FRONT OF VAGINA • CARRIES ONLY URINE

  27. MALES: ABOUT 8” LONG AND S-SHAPED • PASSES THROUGH PROSTATE GLAND AND THROUGH THE PENIS • CARRIES BOTH URINE AND SEMEN

  28. POLYURIA EXCESS URINATION

  29. OLIGURIA BELOW NORMAL AMOUNT OF URINE

  30. ANURIA ABSENCE OF URINE

  31. HEMATURIA BLOOD IN URINE

  32. NOCTURIA URINATION AT NIGHT

  33. DYSURIA PAINFUL URINATION

  34. RETENTION INABILITY TO EMPTY BLADDER

  35. INCONTINENCE INVOLUNTARY URINATION

  36. DISEASES OF THE URINARY SYSTEM

  37. CYSTITIS

  38. NEPHRITIS

  39. ACUTE NEPHRITIS

  40. CHRONIC NEPHRITIS

  41. PYELONEPHRITIS

  42. RENAL CALCULUS

  43. RENAL FAILURE

  44. ACUTE RENAL FAILURE

  45. CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE

  46. CHRONIC RENAL FAILURE

  47. UREMIA

  48. URETHRITIS

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