Conditionals

1. Conditionals

2. Las oraciones condicionales son oraciones compuesta por : • una subordinada que expresa la condición ( conditional clause – if ) • una principal que indica el resultado ( result clause). En inglés existen 3 tipos: First conditional: 1st If + present simple + future simple If you giveme a hand , I will bereally grateful. ( Si me echas una mano,estaré muy agradecido) • No importa el orden en que se coloquen las preposiciones, pero si la condición ( if ) • va primero se suele poner una coma entre ambas. • Además del future simple en el resultado también se pueden usar los modales y el imperativo You can´tgo out if you don´t finish your homework If you search for information on the Internet, use Google

3. Para expresar que algo no ocurrirá si no se cumple la condición, la proposición es introducida por unless= ifnot( a no ser que , a menos que ) Unless you study hard this term , you will fail English. If you don´t study hard this term , you will fail English. • Unless se usa más en el 1st conditional. Es menos frecuente en el 2nd y nunca en el 3rd . If + present simple , future simple Modal Imperative Unless = if not

4. 2nd Second conditional If + past simple , would + infinitivo If I studiedharder , I wouldpassthisexam • Si el verbo de la condición ( if ) es “to be” se suele utilizar were en todas las personas. • If I were a rich girl, I would buy a new car • Para dar consejos se usa… If I were you, I wouldn´t go ( Yo que tú no iría) • Podemos usar en vez de would los modales could o might ( indican que la • probabilidad de que se cumpla la hipótesis es aún menor – podría, tal vez, quizás-)

5. Third conditional 3rd If + past perfect , would have + participio If you had studied harder, you would have passed this exam • En vez de would have también podemos usar could have o might have If Jack had come , we could have gone to the party

6. Summing up…. 1st If + present simple , future simple Modal Imperative Unless = if not 2nd If + past simple , would + infinitivo Could might 3rd If + past perfect , would have + participio Could have might have

7. Oraciones temporales • Se forman como las de 1st conditional : Present Simple , Future Simple. • Lo que cambian son las conjunciones : as soon as , by the time , when , • the moment (that) , etc She´ll buy a car as soon as she passes her driving test When I get home, I´ll help you with your homework

8. Complete each sentence according to the meaning of the original sentences. Use the first, second or third conditionals. 1. We didn’t visit the museum because it was closed. We ……………………………… the museum if ……………………… open. 2. The temperature may reach 0º C tonight and the lake will freeze. If the temperature ……………………… 0º C tonight, the lake ……………………… . 3. She hasn’t got a laptop so she can’t work when she’s travelling. If she …………… a laptop, she ……………………… when she travels. 4. Hurry or you’ll miss the bus. You ……………… the bus unless you ……………………… . 5. Bill had an accident because he was careless. If Bill ……………………… careless, he ……………………… an accident. 6. Robbie is only nice to Ellie because she lets him borrow her iPod. Robbie ………………… so nice to Ellie if she ……………………… her iPod. would have visited it had been reaches, will freeze had would be able to work could work would work hurry will miss hadn’t been wouldn’t have had didn’t let him borrow wouldn’t be didn’t lend him

9. Choose the correct answer. 1. If Fred had the right tools, he … the tap himself. a. can fix b. fixed c. could fix 2. You might lose the file if you … a copy. a. don’t make b. won’t make c. didn’t make 3. If I … you, I wouldn’t order the fish. a. were b. will be c. am 4. We’ll borrow some chairs if we … them. a. needed b. need c. will need 5. You’ll never succeed unless you … . a. will try b. don’t try c. try 6. Ron … my phone number if he doesn’t write it down. a. forgets b. may forget c. would forget

10. WishClauses • Las oraciones desiderativas-wish clauses- expresan un deseo y se pueden formar : • con el verbo wish • con la expresión if only Wish Desearía , gustaría I wish = ojalá if only Ojalá , si al menos… Pueden usarse con varios tiempos

11. Wish / ifonly + Past simple Situaciones presentes que quisiéramos cambiar/mejorar He wishes his house were bigger If only I lived near the school Wish / ifonly + PastPerfect Hechos pasados lamentando lo Ocurrido Pam wishes she and Tom hadn´t broken up If only Sarah had arrived earlier Wish / ifonly + Could Would Deseos sobre situaciones futuras, indicando q es poco probable q ocurran I wish I could improve my marks If only he would call me + base form

12. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. • I had four slices of pizza at the party last night. I wish I ……………………… (not eat) so much. • 2. Mike’s dream is to become a professional singer. He wishes his parents ……………………… (send) him to singing lessons. • 3. I like these jeans but they’re really expensive. I wish I ……………………… (have) more money. • 4. Alex moved away and we haven’t got his number. If only we ……………………… (ask) him for it before he left. • 5. You’re disturbing me. I wish you ……………………… (talk) more quietly. hadn’t eaten would send had had asked would talk

13. Compete the passage with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Everyone is always telling you about foods that make you clever. How many times have you heard that you (1)  ……….……………………… (do) better in your last exam if you had eaten a good breakfast before it? But has anyone ever told you that your marks would improve if you (2) ……………………… (spend) more time talking to your friends? It might sound strange, but it’s true! Think of your brain as a muscle. Like any muscle, it (3) ………………………………………………… (not stay) in shape unless you exercise it. It turns out that if you really want to give your brain a good workout, you (4) …………………………………… (should socialise) with your friends every day! Scientists tested thousands of people and they discovered that people who spent a lot of time talking to family and friends on the phone (5) ……………………… (usually receive) higher marks than people who didn’t socialise. The scientists concluded that if children developed good social skills, they (6) ……………………… (perform) well in academic subjects, and their brains (7) ……………………… (be) sharp even when they were old. That doesn’t mean that if you spend a lot of time alone as a child, you (8) ……………………… (not become) a doctor or lawyer when you grow up. But it does prove what most teenagers already know: socialising isn’t just for fun – it’s a survival skill! would have done spent won’t stay / doesn’t stay should socialise usually received would perform would be won’t become