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The Road to WWII: Hitler's Goals and Aggression

This chapter covers the events leading to WWII, including Hitler’s goals, invasions, alliances, and the atrocities of the Holocaust. Learn about appeasement, Blitzkrieg, the Battle of Britain, and the entry of the U.S. through key dates and actions.

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The Road to WWII: Hitler's Goals and Aggression

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  1. AP EURO Chapter 18 WWII 1939-1945

  2. Road To WWII • Versailles Treaty (WWI) the source of all of Germany’s economic troubles Map of Europe after 1919

  3. Hitler’s Goals: • 1. To bring German speaking “Volk” (people) together as a single nation • 2. Lebensraum – the need for more “living space” • 3. Removal of “undesirables” • 4. Territorial Expansion

  4. Hitler “Re-armed” Germany • 1. 1935 formed German air force LUFTWAFFE • 2. Conscription (draft) • League of Nations condemned act, but did nothing

  5. Benito Mussolini Invaded • Ethiopia , on OCT. 1935 • Excuse: To avenge defeat in 1896 • Logic: wanted to “restore” Roman imperial glory • Wanted to Prove himself

  6. Spanish Civil War, 1936 • Italy & Germany Provide • Fascist General Francisco Franco • W/ weapons, supplies, troops • Franco gains power 1939

  7. Rome –Berlin Axis, 1936 • Mussolini & Hitler’s informal alliance

  8. Hitler Invaded… • (1.) The Rhineland, 1936 • Region between Germany & France • “lebensraum” policy began

  9. Anti-Comintern Pact, 1937 • Alliance formed between : Germany, Italy, Japan • Pledged to oppose international communism

  10. Anschluss with Austria, 1938 • The “union” of Germany & Austria • Violation of Treaty of Versailles • Czechoslovakia was now threatened

  11. Munich Conference, Sept.1938 • Hitler Threatens to invade Czechoslovakia • French, Russians, British warn Hitler • They will support Czechs…

  12. Hitler Invaded… • Sudentenland 1938 (Czechoslovakia)

  13. Nazi- Soviet Pact, 1939 • Stalin (U.S.S.R.) Signed non-aggression pact with Hitler (Germany)

  14. Hitler Invaded…(Cont’d) • Poland Sept. 1st, 1939 • Great Britain & France declared war on Germany • WWII officially began on this date

  15. Poland • invaded by Germans from the West • Invaded by Soviet Union from the East • Poland divided between the two

  16. Why Didn’t Anyone Stop Hitler Prior To Sept. 1st 1939? • The “Appeasement” Policy: • Allowing aggressors to have what they want… • In the hope they will demand no more

  17. “Blitzkrieg” • The German military strategy “Lightning Warfare” • Brutal surprise attacks by the • “Luftwaffe” – German air force • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gUjrnlMAtQ4

  18. American “Neutrality” 1939 • Neutrality Act of 1939 • U.S. neutrality in name, not in deed. • Allowd for sale of U.S. weapons/supplies to European allies on a • 1. “Cash-and-Carry” basis • 2. Destroyers for Bases deal

  19. Tripartite Pact • 1940 An Alliance between Germany, Japan, Italy

  20. 2 Sides • ALLIES: • 1. Great Britain • 2. France • 3. U.S. (joined 1941) • 4. Soviet Union (joined 1941 After Hitler betrayed Stalin) • AXIS POWERS: • 1. Germany • 2. Italy • 3. Japan

  21. (1940) Meanwhile, Hitler… • Invaded and conquered Northern Europe • Denmark, Norway April,1940

  22. (1940) Hitler Invaded :… • Belgium • Netherlands • Luxembourg • May, 1940

  23. And Conquered France! • Germans attacked May 10, 1940 • France surrendered June 22, 1940 • Defeat of France shocked the world

  24. Battle of Britain • Great Britain bombed Aug. 1940 • 1 night- 70,000 fire bombs dropped • London bombed every night for 2 months!

  25. Battle of Britain • Much of London destroyed • 15,000 civilian casualties • British won… barely • “Operation Pied Piper” – British children were sent to the countryside for safety reasons

  26. Battle of Britain in Film: The Chronicles of Narnia • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SQ0fGS01Pdg • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zJ6exK876G0

  27. Peter Pan 2: Return to Neverland (2002) • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=F4SAD81xrVc

  28. Yes, This is a WWII Reference • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FrHkKXFRbCI

  29. Operation Barbarossa, 1941 • Hitler Betrayed Stalin! • And invaded the Soviet Union in June! • And then winter began… • Soviet Union won.. barely

  30. Soviet “Night Witches” • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-FkoDM9bFXU • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a9zjrkUGE-o

  31. Holocaust • 1941 – “Final Solution” • extermination of Jews, people of color, Gypsies, Clergy, disabled • Gestapo = secret police arrest opponents of Hitler

  32. Concentration Camps • 1941-1942- transported to concentration camps • Largest: Auschwitz-Birkenau, Poland • 6 Million Jews Killed, 6 Million Non- Jews Killed

  33. Persecution of Gypsies • Roma People from various parts of Europe • 250,000 – 500,000 Died in the Holocaust

  34. American President Roosevelt • Froze Japanese assets in U.S. • Restricted oil exports to Japan • Placed embargo on sale of scrap iron to Japan • In response to Japanese aggression in Asia

  35. Pearl Harbor, Hawaii • December 7, 1941 • Japanese planes attack American fleet • 2,400 die • 1,200 wounded • U.S. officially joined WWII in 1941 • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VBdIR7_B3JA

  36. The “Big Three” • “Big Three”= • 1. Franklin D. Roosevelt (U.S.), • 2. Winston Churchill (Great Britain), • 3. Joseph Stalin (Soviet Union) • Agreed to defeating Hitler & Axis Powers • Agreed on Allied Policy

  37. “Operation Overlord” – “D-DAY”, 1944 • Turning point in war • 176,000 Allied Soldiers • British, Canadian, American Troops • 600 warships, 10,000 aircraft • Landed in… • Normandy, France • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4cGuB-OWR0g

  38. “D-Day” June 6, 1944 • Allies Launched “amphibious” offensive against German army • Allies won – German troops forced to retreat August. 25

  39. And…Allies Liberated France!

  40. Allies Arrived in Germany, 1945 • British & American Air forces bombed urban centers • Concentration camps liberated in Spring 1945

  41. Yalta Conference, 1945 • “The Big 3” discussed postwar aftermath • Winston Churchill ( (Great Britain) • Joseph Stalin (Soviet Union) • Franklin D. Roosevelt (U.S.) • Conference began Feb 4, 1945

  42. Yalta Conference, 1945 • Agreed to divide Germany 4 Zones: • Soviets would control east, • U.S., Great Britain, France would control western Germany • Berlin, Germany = joint occupation • Germany to pay $20 billion in war reparations

  43. FDR’S Death • American President Franklin D. Roosevelt • Died Suddenly April, 1945 • V.P. Harry Truman Became American President

  44. The End of WWII • Hitler committed suicide on April 30, 1945 • Nazis surrendered in May 7, 1945 • Was the war over? Only in Europe • Japan did not surrender until September, 1945 after U.S. Dropped 2 atomic bombs in the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki (Japan)

  45. WWII Aftermath… • 55-60 Million People died • Half were civilians (Holocaust, Atomic bomb) • 2007 Population in California : 38 Million • “Crimes against humanity” enters vocabulary – refers to atrocities committed by Nazis

  46. WWII Explained in Seven Minutes • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wvDFsxjaPaE

  47. 1. Two World Powers Emerged After WWII • United States • And… • The Soviet Union

  48. 2. The Marshall Plan • a 1948 “Economic Recovery Act” • U.S. Plan to re-build + re-construct European countries • Western Europe accepted help = growth & prosperity • Eastern Europe…did not

  49. 3. United Nations is Formed • Founded 1945 • Focus: • 1. international law • 2. international security • 3.economic development • 4. social progress • 5. human rights

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