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STATES OF MATTER

STATES OF MATTER. Chapter 3. Labs done so far for ch . 3 sections 1 and 2:. Distilled wood and related read of temperatures with plateaus for substances produced Distilling solution X (BP/CP –evaporation/condensation) with time, temp and volume graph

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STATES OF MATTER

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  1. STATES OF MATTER Chapter 3

  2. Labs done so far for ch. 3 sections 1 and 2: Distilled wood and related read of temperatures with plateaus for substances produced Distilling solution X (BP/CP –evaporation/condensation) with time, temp and volume graph 3. Cooling curve of moth nuggets and flakes

  3. Kinetic Theory • All matter is made of atoms and molecules that act like tiny particles. • These tiny particles are always in motion. (known as Brownian Motion) • temperature movement • temperature movement If temp. increases = then lighter objects move faster

  4. How many states of matter are there? • 1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • 5

  5. SOLID Closely packed Fixed Positions Vibrate LIQUID Closely packed – but can slide past one another States of Matter are Physically Different GAS Constant motion – rarely stick together

  6. 566 × 5 There are 2 more states of matter • Plasma • Bose Einstein Condensate

  7. What is the most common state of matter in the universe? • Solid • Liquid • Gas • plasma

  8. Look at Plasma in the text, p. 82-83Play clips of Plasma and Bose Einstein Condensate http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VkeSI_B5Ljc Plasma http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1RpLOKqTcSk BEC

  9. Crystalline Solids Atoms organized in geometric patterns Crystal systems Ex: ice, methanol, sodium chloride Amorphous Solids Atoms not organized in specific patterns Do not have definite melting pts. Ex: glass, plastic, gels SOLIDS

  10. LIQUIDS • Atoms are close (similar to solids) – but can slip pass each other. • No definite shape

  11. GAS • Most energetic phase on Earth • Move fast – cannot attach to each other • No shape or volume

  12. The Phase of a Material Depends on the Motion of Its Particles

  13. THERMAL ENERGY • In a substance is the total energy of all its atoms and molecules • Potential and Kinetic Energy

  14. TEMPERATURE • Is related to the random motion of atoms and molecules • Proportional to the average kinetic energy of molecular motion

  15. HEAT Is energy that is measured in joules or calories TEMPERATURE Measured in degrees Measures the expansion or contraction of a liquid HEAT VS TEMPERATURE

  16. When heat energy is added to a substance, the particles • Speed up • Slow down • Remain the same speed

  17. When particles speed up, the particles • Stick and clump together • Slide by or bounce off of each other • Remain unchanged

  18. When heat energy is lost from a substance, the particles • Speed up • Slow down • Remain the same speed

  19. When particles slow down, the particles tend to • Stick and clump together • Slide by or bounce off of each other • Remain unchanged

  20. Think of the following diagrams in terms of energy gained or energy lost by the substances.

  21. Gas Solid Liquid

  22. Gas Evaporation Solid Liquid

  23. Gas Condensation Solid Liquid

  24. Gas Evaporation Condensation Solid Liquid

  25. Gas Solid Liquid Freezing

  26. Gas Solid Liquid Melting

  27. Gas Freezing Solid Liquid Melting

  28. Gas Solid Liquid

  29. Gas Sublimation Solid Liquid

  30. Gas Deposition Solid Liquid

  31. Gas Sublimation Deposition Solid Liquid

  32. Gas Evaporation Sublimation Condensation Deposition Freezing Solid Liquid Melting

  33. SOLID to Liquid= energy added (Melting) Lots of energy added at one time and solid gas (sublimation) LIQUID to Gas= Energy added (Boiling) States of Matter are Physically Different because particle speed is different Go right to left and energy will be taken away at gasliquid(condensing) And liquid  solid is (melting) Lots of energy lost at one time right to left and gs(deposition)

  34. What requires more energy for the same quantity of the same substance? • Raising the temperature of a substance 1º C • Completing a phase change

  35. I have a solution of liquids. If in the heating process I have 4 distinct plateaus as the liquid changes to gas, how many liquids were in the solution? • 1 • 2 • 3 • 4 • Unable to tell

  36. The Phase of a Material Depends on the Motion of Its Particles

  37. Solid to a liquid • Energy added • Energy lost

  38. gas to a solid • Energy added • Energy lost

  39. liquid to a solid • Energy added • Energy lost

  40. Gas to a liquid • Energy added • Energy lost

  41. Solid to a gas • Energy added • Energy lost

  42. Liquid to a gas • Energy added • Energy lost

  43. melting • Energy added • Energy lost

  44. deposition • Energy added • Energy lost

  45. freezing • Energy added • Energy lost

  46. condensing • Energy added • Energy lost

  47. sublimation • Energy added • Energy lost

  48. boiling • Energy added • Energy lost

  49. End of Chapter 3 sections 1 and 2

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