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Gender and Number of Nouns

Gender and Number of Nouns. This is a photo from Tikal, a Guatemalan national park dedicated to the preservation of the Tikal ruins left behind by the Mayas. Learn more about the Maya nation or this incredible archeological site for extra credit. The basics.

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Gender and Number of Nouns

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  1. Gender and Number of Nouns This is a photo from Tikal, a Guatemalan national park dedicated to the preservation of the Tikal ruins left behind by the Mayas. Learn more about the Maya nation or this incredible archeological site for extra credit.

  2. The basics • NOUNS, their articles, and the adjectives that modify them have grammatical gender and number (Aka. Masculine/feminine & singular/plural). • (*Reminder: A noun is a person, place, thing or idea) • Animate beings • Grammatical gender is determined by biological gender. • Inanimate beings • Grammatical gender has no “rhyme or reason.” • El libro is masculine “just because.” • La silla is feminine “just because.”

  3. Articles • There are two types: definite and indefinite. • They will be masculine or feminine AND singular or plural. • They MUST match the noun they accompany in gender/#. • In English, the definite article is “the” • In Spanish, they are El, La, Los, and Las • In English, the indefinite articles are “a” and “some” • In Spanish, they are Un, Una, Unos, and Unas • The difference is…. Definite articles imply specific person(s)/place(s)/thing(s), whereas with indefinite articles, it is much less specific. • For example: • Definite – I went to the library to get THE book. • Here, you have a specific book in mind. • Indefinite – I went to the library to get A book. • Here, you do NOT have a specific book in mind.

  4. Masculino-Singular • Masculine words typically end in -O or in a consonant. • Words that end in -E are also usually masculine, but this guide is not as dependable as the others. El The Un A

  5. Masculino-singular: Ejemplos ¿Porqué? THE A El Un Libro -O Un El Pupitre -E -consonante El Un Reloj Un El Gimnasio -O -consonante El Un Pizarrón

  6. Feminino-Singular • Feminine words typically end in -A or in –IÓN or -AD. La The Una A

  7. Feminino-singular: Ejemplos ¿Porqué? THE A La Una Silla -A Una La Chica -A -IÓN La Una Situación Una La Ciudad -AD -AD La Una Comunidad

  8. Articles: Masculino-Plural Los The UnosSome

  9. Masculino-plural: Ejemplos THE SOME Los Unos Libros To pluralize: Add “S” to words that end in a vowel, and “ES” to words that end in a consonant. Unos Los Pupitres Los Unos Relojes Unos Los Gimnasios Los Unos Pizarrones**see next page

  10. Articles: Feminino-Plural Las The Unas Some

  11. Feminino-plural: Ejemplos THE SOME * The accent is dropped from words with an accent on the final syllable when they are pluralized because the stress naturally falls on that letter now. Las Unas Sillas Unas Las Chicas Las Unas Situaciones* Unas Las Ciudades Las Unas Comunidades

  12. Excepciones • Some words go against the “rules” and therefore must be learned through practice. • Some masculine words that look feminine: • El día, el mapa, el matamoscas, el aguafiestas • Some feminine words that look masculine: • La tarde, la noche, la clase, la pared • Words ending in –E or –ISTA do not change based on gender, but their article does. • El estudiante vs. la estudiante • El dentista vs. la dentista • El artista vs. la artista

  13. Los artículos

  14. Hay • Hay means “There is” or “There are” • It may be used in a question to ask “Is there?” or “Are there?” • Hay is usually used with indefinite articles rather than definite articles. • Ejemplos • Hay unacalculadora en mi pupitre. • Hay unoslibros en la mesa. • Hay unaprofesora y unosestudiantes en la clase. • ¿Hay comida en la fiesta?

  15. En unamochila hay… • Unos a. Estudiantes b. sillas c. libros d. escritorios • Unas a. Calculadoras b. sillas c. lápices d. hombres • Un • Cartera (wallet) b. cajita de tic tacs c. Teléfonocelular d. profesor • Una • Mujer b. Revista (magazine) c. cuaderno d. Disco compacto

  16. Típicamente, ¿qué hay en un salón de clases? • Un a. Pupitres b. chicas c. libros d. escritorio • Unos a. estudiantes b. profesora c. reloj d. banderas • Unas • Calculadora b. mochilas c. Libros d. profesores • Una • Plumas b. Diccionarios c. cuaderno d. papelera

  17. Crédito extra • Print a copy of the SFCC campus map and label the different places on campus using the vocabulary that you have learned. • Use both the building number and the name of the place if it is something from our vocab. • Ej: Edificio 13 – el estadio

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